Part I Oral Communication (10 points)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.

　　Dialogue One

　　A.How about you?

　　B.Wanna join us?

　　C.It's a long weekend.

　　Tina: I'm so glad the weekend's finally here.

　　Lewis: Me too. Imagine! 1 We've got three days in a row.

　　Tina: So, where’re you going?

　　Lewis: I don't have any plan yet. I'll just play it by ear. 2

　　Tina: We're going to go hiking and camping in the mountains. Lewis: That sounds exciting!

　　Tina: 3

　　Lewis: Hm, let me think about it. I'll let you know later.

　　Dialogue Two

　　A. And I'd like the cheapest flight available.

　　B. What is your destination?

　　C. And when will you be returning?

　　Travel Agent: Freedom Travel. How can I help you?

　　Caller: Yes, I'd like to make a flight reservation for the twenty-third of this month.

　　Travel Agent: Okay. 4

　　Caller: Well. I'm flying to Helsinki, Finland.

　　Travel Agent: Okay. Let me check what flights are available. 5

　　Caller: Uh, well, I'd like to catch a return flight on the twenty-ninth. 6

　　Travel Agent: Okay. Let me see. Um, that's flight 1070 from Salt Lake City to New York, Kennedy Airport, transferring to flight 90 from Kennedy to Helsinki. It's only $980.

　　Caller: Alright, let's go with that.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section there is one incomplete dialogue which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　A. You're a Comp Lit major?

　　B. What is your name?

　　C. but the system won't let me.

　　D. But that class is already full.

　　Stuart: Hello. Can I help you?

　　Karen: Yes. I hope so. I would like to register for Comp Lit 287.

　　Stuart: I'm sorry. 7 And also, students are supposed to register through the touch-tone registration system.

　　Karen: I know that. I already tried to register by phone, 8

　　Stuart: That's because it's full.

　　Karen: But I'm a new student here. I thought maybe there was some way I could get into the class.

　　Stuart: Well, I could put you on a waiting list. But that doesn’t guarantee you will get into the class. 9

　　Karen: My name is Karen Huang

　　Stuart:Alright. And what is your major?

　　Karen: I'm a comparative literature major.

　　Stuart: Wait a minute. 10

　　Karen: Yes, that's right. And Professor Cohen told me I need to take Comp Lit 287.

　　Stuart: The university computer system saves extra places, in class 287 for Comp Lit students

　　Karen: Even if the class is full?

　　Stuart: That's right.

　　Part II Vocabulary (10 points)

　　Directions: In this part, there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　11.According to the minister, measures are being taken to introduce more diversity into the education system.

　　A.difference B. adversity C. unity D. variety

　　12. He would once in a while lose his temper when he found himself involved in an argument.

　　A. rarely B. often C. occasionally D. seldom

　　13.Intuition is something that cannot be proven, but many people believe in it and use it for decision making.

　　A.Instinct B. Intelligence C. Rationality D. Experience

　　14.A global company must be sensitive to the cultures and customs of the countries where it operates.

　　A. patient B. generous C. emotional D. responsive

　　15.At last John Smith stepped down as the company' s CEO and returned to his roots in software research.

　　A.retired B. resigned C. revived D. reacted

　　16. Immersed in their experiment, they had no idea what happened just outside their lab.

　　A. Concentrated B. Addicted C. Absorbed D. Committed

　　17. Last month the government initiated a public debate on the future direction of the sport policy.

　　A. transmitted B. followed C. promoted D. launched

　　18. My beard started to grow, and I unwillingly complied with the order to shave it off.

　　A. considered B. questioned C. supported D. observed

　　19. As the fighting intensified, the chances of any peace deal diminished.

　　A. decreased B. changed C. disappeare D. expanded

　　20. However superficially appealing such an idea might appear, it was irrational and reckless.

　　A.possibly B. seemingly C. apparently D. practically

　　Part Ill Reading Comprehension(25 points)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.

　　Passage one

　　Many people have looked to the stars and wondered what it would be like to take a trip into outer space. Ever since the space program began, traveling beyond Earth has been a privilege for a select few, namely, astronauts. The rest of us have had to imagine what it would be like, but that may soon change.

　　Those who favor expanding space exploration feel that it is time to go beyond the government-funded National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) program and to create opportunities for individuals and businesses to explore outer space.Imagine privately financed research outposts in space, missions to Mars, and mining operations on the Moon. The space frontier could indeed be the next gold rush!

　　Imagine what it would be like to travel in space. Those who have been lucky enough to visit space have all called it an amazing experience. The view of Earth and the stars must be spectacular, and the experience of living in"zero gravity "would be fascinating. The first American woman to visit space, Sally Ride, said that it was the greatest fun of her life. Imagine the thrill of booking a flight for a weekend stay (or longer )at a space hotel. It turns out that a space hotel would be much easier to design and build than the International Space Station; early estimates of the cost to build the hotels indicate that they would be less expensive if the orbiting hotels were built to accommodate large numbers of space travelers.

　　The space hotel and the other projects businesses might think up would allow people to see what is happening in space with their own eyes. That may lead to more support of NASA and its space research and greater appreciation of the funding that the space program now receives.

　　Those who oppose expanding space exploration argue that the costs are overwhelming and unrealistic. They point to the billions of dollars that would have to be raised through consumers or corporate sponsorship. In addition, civilian space travel is potentially dangerous, and there are many unknown risks Involved.

　　Who would determine the safety of commercial orbiting vehicles, and how would they be insured?Issues like this require time for discussion among groups from many different businesses. Companies that specialize in manufacturing, travel, marketing, insurance, law and finance would all have to be involved.

　　Others believe there are simply too many unanswered questions to put civilians in space any time soon.There are also those who question investing in space exploration when there are widespread problems like poverty and disease that need to be addressed on Earth. For these people, commercial space travel will remain science fiction, at least for many years to come.

　　21.The expression"the next gold rush"(Para. 2 )probably means that

　　A. space exploration could be the next investment hot spot

　　B. investors are enthusiastic about gold mining in space

　　C. private businesses are more interested in space travel

　　D. gold might be discovered on remote planets

　　22. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that

　　A. space hotels would be very uncomfortable

　　B. Sally Ride enjoyed her visit to outer space

　　C. the view of Earth and the stars is boring

　　D.space visitors regret what they have done

　　23. All of the following are objections to commercial space travel EXCEPT

　　A. potential dangers B. overwhelming costs

　　C. government opposition D. unknown risks

　　24. The authors attitude toward commercial space travel is_______.

　　A. Indifferent B. objective

　　C. supportive D. opposing

　　25. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Exploration off Outer Space B Future of Private Space Businesses

　　C Hotels in Space D Civilians in Space

　　Passage Two

　　As 170 people sat down to dinner, I breathed a sigh of relief: The conference was going well. Running it was part of my job as a university program manager, working on a project to boost biotech collaborations between academia and industry. When I started in the role a few years earlier, I thought that maybe, after years of career exploration, I had finally found the right job for me. But at the conference, I found myself wondering whether that was really what I wanted from my career. I'm a scientist, not an event planner--but I had been too busy organizing the conference to appreciate the research being discussed. Was it time for yet another change?

　　I started off as a lab scientist, but then discovered that the highly focused nature of lab work wasn't for me. My next job was at a pharmaceutical company -conducting literature searches. I enjoyed the work, which allowed me to stay close to research. But I was only offered a short-term contract, so after a year I had to move on. I then became a scientific journal editor, I loved the breadth of science that I was exposed to, but the job required a lengthy commute. So, I made another dramatic change and got my current job.

　　It had become a pattern: I spent a few years in each role only to find that it wasn't quite the right fit. I also realized that maybe I was searching for something that didn’t exist.

　　I began to think about creative ways to add the scientific stimulation I sought to my work life. With my previous knowledge and my experience as an editor, I realized I had the skill set to do that through freelance science writing, such as news articles for journals and blogs.

　　With my former colleagues positive responses, I finally decided I could do my university job on a less than full-time schedule. Fortunately my manager agreed.

　　For the last year, I have been a university program manager/freelance writer, and I've never been happier. Weaving the two roles together has been a bit tricky at times. But I finally feel I have a career that is tailored to my needs. I’ve realized that a career doesn’t need to be off the shelf. Jobs can be mixed and matched to get to one that fits.

　　26.What did the author think of his conference organizing job in Paragraph 1?

　　A. It proved that he was making progress in his career

　　B. It was not as meaningful as scientific research

　　C. It was too challenging for him

　　D. It gave him a sense of achievement

　　27.The author left the job as a scientific journal editor because

　　A. he was not satisfied with the pay

　　B. it demanded high work intensity

　　C. it was too far from home

　　D. he was offered only a short contract

　　28. What does"something"(Para. 3)possibly mean?

　　A. An ideal job B. A balanced life

　　C. A fixed pattern D. A suitable role

　　29.What is the author's present job?

　　A. He is an event planner and also a program manager.

　　B. He teaches in a university and also writes books.

　　C. He is a full-time manager and also a freelance writer.

　　D. He works in a university and also writes on the side.

　　30. What is this passage mainly about?

　　A.The author's clear career plan.

　　B.The author's changing perception of career.

　　C.The author's persistence in the face of obstacles .

　　D. The author's failure in securing a work contract.

　　Passage Three

　　Imagine that you're a fly. You're just looking for a place to rest,when you see a nice pink leaf. That looks like a nice place to land. As you rest your feet on the leaf, you notice something strange .This leaf is hairy. You begin to make your move, but you trigger the plant's reaction. Snap! In one-tenth of a second, you are caught in the Venus flytrap. You will be digested in five to twelve days.

　　Out of about 391,000 plant species in the world, only 600 or so are carnivorous. We call them this because they attract, trap，and eat bugs. Like other plants, they get energy from the sun. But unlike other plants, they get their nutrients from their prey (猎物).Carnivorous plants live in places where the soil lacks nutrients. Most plants get nutrients from the soil. Carnivorous plants have turned to other sources.

　　Pitcher plants trick their prey into landing on them. They offer nectar (花蜜)bribes to the foolish insects that would take them. True to their name, pitcher plants have deep chambers. Their landing surface is slippery. They have inward pointing hairs, making it hard to escape. The fly lands on the pitcher plant to eat but slips into a pit filled with digestive fluids.

　　Corkscrew plants have inviting stems. Curved hairs line the inside of these stems. These hairs allow insects to go up the stems, but not back. Going forward leads to the plant's stomach. Bugs who wander into the corkscrew plant find that they are unable to escape. They must march to their own death.

　　And then there are the bladderworts. They live in water and float near the surface. Their traps are like small bladders(囊状物)hidden beneath the water. Only their flowers are visible from the surface. When bugs swim into the trigger hairs, the plant reacts. The bladder sucks up the prey and the water surrounding it. The prey will be digested within hours.

　　31.The word "carnivorous"(Para. 2) is closest in meaning to " ".

　　A.nutritious B. bug-eating C. plant-eating D. attractive

　　32.Which statement would the author most likely agree with?

　　A.There are too many species of carnivorous plants.

　　B.There are too few plant species in the world.

　　C.Only a small number of plant species are carnivorous.

　　D.The majority of plants are carnivorous.

　　33.Carnivorous plants get their nutrients mainly from .

　　A.Other plants B.the soil C.the sun D.their prey 34.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph ?

　　A.There are many studies of carnivorous plants.

　　B.The pitcher plant tricks bugs into its stomach

　　C.The pitcher plant kills its prey in various ways.

　　D.Some plants attract bugs by offering them nectar.

　　35.As can be inferred, the corkscrew's chamber for digestion is located .

　　A.somewhere towards its root

　　B. somewhere towards its top

　　C. inside its flowers

　　D. inside its leaves

　　Passage Four

　　Serenity (宁静)is difficult to find in today's fast-paced world. A moment of complete calm seems to be a rare and wonderful find. For me, those precious moments occur on a boat. As legendary sailor Vito Dumas once said: "It's out there at sea that you are really yourself." On deck, enjoying awe-inspiring views, the cares of everyday life blown away on the sea breeze, you can appreciate his point.

　　Flying is a misery. From airport chaos to the confined space of an aircraft, nothing about commercial aviation appeals to my sense of adventure—or comfort. Favouring boat travel isn't just about managing flight fear, though. Whether I'm on a short ferry crossing or a cruise, the sea provides a true sense of travel, from the impressive physical shift of a ship leaving port to its navigation of the open water. "We are tied to the ocean,"John F. Kennedy said. As my ship steers towards an exciting new destination, I feel that affinity.

　　And I'm not alone. "The journey is part of the holiday,"says travel writer Helen Ochyra. I'll stand out on deck, whatever the weather, and watch the ropes being untied, the boat slipping away from the dock and the landscape drifting farther and farther away."

　　Tom Bourlet，founder of the Spaghetti Traveller blog, agrees": On a plane,it's difficult to make out much more than grassland; on the ferry, there is something exciting about seeing land slowly getting closer."

　　For Cathy Winston, travel editor, it's about the sense of adventure ."Even on a fairly simple journey from A to B, she says, "wide wide, open sea makes it feel like you could be off to discover new lands. There's a certain romance you don't get on a plane or on a motorway." Winston also values the family-friendly aspects of sea travel. "There's something so relaxing about being on the water, especially with kids," she says.

　　Whether it's for kid-happy convenience or sheer romance, boats will always be the preferred mode of transport for many travelers. A boat gets me where I want to go, avoiding the rush—and terror— of air travel. And out on the waves, as reality melts away, I always rediscover my own passion for the sea.

　　36.Which aspect of sea travel is emphasized in the first paragraph?

　　A.Extraordinary view. B. Complete freedom.

　　C. Peace of mind. D. Sense of adventure.

　　37.The word "affinity"(Para. 2) is closest in meaning to "

　　A.strong emotion B.close connection

　　C.sheer excitement D.impressive moment

　　38.Who is deeply impressed while watching the boat leaving the dock?

　　A.Helen Ochyra. B.Vito Dumas.

　　C.Cathy Winston. D.John F. Kennedy.

　　39.According to Tom Bourlet, sea travel is better than air travel in that it

　　A.enables people to engage in deeper thought

　　B.gives passengers a better chance to relax

　　C.provides a more comfortable environment

　　D.offers a clearer view of the landscape

　　40.According to the last two paragraphs, sea travel has all the following benefits EXCEPT .

　　A.being family-friendly B. satisfying an adventurous heart

　　C. promoting a healthy lifestyle D. providing relaxation

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children’s education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.

　　Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researchers combed through nearly three decades’ worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participation in kids’academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures to children’s academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.

　　What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反) -regardless of a parent’s race, class, or level of education.

　　Do you review your daughter’s homework every night? Robinson and Harris’s data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.

　　While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewer than half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policymakers have the most influence - they take place at home.

　　Comment 1:

　　Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.

　　Comment 2:

　　It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn’t mean they are ready for college or the work place.

　　Comment 3:

　　The article doesn’t define “helping,” but I understand it as actually assisting children in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they’ve completed their work. I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their children’s performance!

　　41. The word “they” (para. 1) refers to _____.

　　A. principles B. studies C. obligations D. values

　　42. What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?

　　A. Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children

　　B. The kids of more-involved parents improve over time

　　C. School should communicate with parents regularly

　　D. Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.

　　43. Comment1 suggests that _____.

　　A. kids should be kids after all

　　B. parents should leave their children alone

　　C. persistent parental involvement is a must

　　D. parents may influence children’s thinking

　　44. The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that _____.

　　A. getting ready for college is an emotional process

　　B. high intelligence does not guarantee success

　　C. high school is often boring in the U.S.

　　D. social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in life

　　45. Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?

　　A. Monitoring kids’ class performance.

　　B. Reviewing kids’ homework for accuracy.

　　C. Making sure kids have finished their work

　　D. Assisting kids in their exercises.

　　Part IV Cloze (10 points)

　　Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Ironically, a study finds that we’re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel 47 . But there’s something that the most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.

　　_49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things 50 great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.

　　But do the receivers care? Often, no. “Gift receivers would be 51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attempting to be ‘thoughtful and considerate’ by buying gifts they did not explicitly request” to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility (e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker). Across several experiments, they find that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .

　　46. A. opened B. have opened C. opening D. to open

　　47. A. in return B. in place C. in turn D. in person

　　48. A. How B. Why C. When D. Whether

　　49. A. In many cases B. In many ways C. To sum up D. To be sure

　　50. A. take up B. make for C. lead to D. work out

　　51. A. surprised B. happy C. more surprised D. happier

　　52. A. but for B. as to C. rather than D. regardless of

　　53. A. measure B. select C. classify D. decide

　　54. A. ease B. cost C. quality D. look

　　55. A. continuously B. nevertheless C. whereas D. unexpectedly

　　Part V Text Completion(20 points)

　　Directions:In this part,there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed.First,use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases.Second,use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Text One

　　A.so plentiful B.showered with C.exchange rings

　　A. the bride and groom often 56 .

　　B.where the food is 57

　　C.the couple is often 58 handfuls of uncooked rice

　　Wedding ceremonies in the United States vary as much as the people do. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs. For instance, 59 at the ceremony. The rings are usually worn on the fourth finger of the left hand, and are exchanged in the middle of the ceremony.

　　After the ceremony, 60 by friends and family. Rice, as we know, shows productivity and harvest. And then, there is often a party, 61 that it almost takes the attention away from the people.

　　Text Two

　　A. beyond B. sending C. as well as

　　Phrases:

　　A. (62) ___________the wages of average families

　　B. (63) ___________ the reach of most Americans

　　C. (64) ___________ young people to college

　　A research group in California has released a “national report card on higher education.”The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982. Costs have climbed much faster than other prices - (65) ___________. The group warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education (66) ___________. And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The report also expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in (67) ___________.

　　Text Three

　　A. imitate B. between C. otherwise D. accelerate

　　Phrases:

　　A. from (68) ___________its feathers

　　B. would be difficult to (69) ___________

　　C. it (70) ___________could

　　D. enabling the bird to (71) ___________

　　The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than (72) ___________. How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so by releasing tiny air bubbles (73) ___________.As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin’s wings, (74) ___________.

　　Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster by using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (船身). However, researchers acknowledge that further investigation is challenging because “the complexity of penguin’s wings (75) ___________.”

　　Part VI Translation (20 minutes, 10 points)

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Books are steadily increasing in size: the average number of pages has grown by 25% over the last 15 years. A study of more than 2,500 books appearing on New York Times bestseller reveals that the average length has increased from 320 pages in 1999 to 400 pages in 2014. James Finlayson, who carried out the study, believed "there's a relatively consistent pattern of growth year on year". For Finlayson, much of this shift can be explained by the industry's shift towards digital. "When you pick up a large book in a shop," he says," you can sometimes be intimidated. But if you have a big book on a Kindle (e-book)，that’s not a consideration.”

　　Part VII Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

　　Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: What do you think of advanced artificial intelligence? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.

　　Part I Oral Communication

　　Section A

　　Dialogue One (2018)

　　1.【答案】 C

　　【解析】通读对话，可知两人是在讨论如何过周末。根据空格处后所述，有连续3天的假期(three days in a row)，可知这个周末假期相对要长，因此选 C。

　　2.【答案】 A

　　【解析】蒂娜问路易斯周末有什么计划时，路易斯只是随兴而定(play it by ear)，还没有计划。而空格后，蒂娜说了她们的计划，可以推知此处是路易斯是在问蒂娜打算怎么过周末。因此选 A。

　　3.【答案】 B

　　【解析】路易斯听了蒂娜的计划，觉得不错，而对话最后路易斯表达了需要考虑下再告知蒂娜，可以推知此处是蒂娜在问路易斯要不要加入，因此选 B。

　　【参考译文】

　　蒂娜：总算到周末了，太开心了。

　　路易斯：我也一样。想像一下，这个长周末我们有连续3天的假期。

　　蒂娜： 所以，你打算去哪?

　　路易斯： 目前没有任何计划。我只是随兴而定。你呢?

　　蒂娜： 我们打算去山中徒步和露营。

　　路易斯： 听起来令人兴奋。

　　蒂娜：想加入我们吗?

　　路易斯：呣，让我想想。晚点告诉你。

　　Dialogue Two (2018)

　　4.【答案】B

　　【解析】订购机票对话场景。根据空缺处后一句：我将飞往芬兰的赫尔辛基。可以推知此处是询问目的地，因此选B。

　　5.【答案】C

　　【解析】根据空缺处后一句打电话人说的：我想乘坐29号的飞机回来，可以推知此处是询问往返的时间，因此选 C。

　　6.【答案】A

　　【解析】根据对话最后服务人员所述的机票情况及价格仅980美元。可知推知此处打电话者想要最便宜的机票，因此选A。

　　【参考译文】

　　旅行社：自由旅行社，有什么可以帮助你的?

　　打电话者：是的，我想预定一张本月23号的飞机票。

　　旅行社 ：好的，你想飞往那里?

　　打电话者：呃，我将飞往芬兰的赫尔辛基。

　　旅行社：好的，我查一下是否有机票。你往返的时间是什么是时候?

　　打电话者：呃，我想乘坐29号的飞机回来。嗯，我想要最便宜的机票。

　　旅行社：好的，我查一下，呃...... 1070次航班，从盐湖城飞往纽约，在肯尼迪机场再转机90次航班从肯尼迪飞往赫尔辛基。仅980美元。

　　打电话者：好的，就订那个。

　　Section B(2019)

　　7.【答案】D

　　【解析】本题是学生和学校管理员的对话，一问一答的模式，先看选项，再通读一边文章，基本能确定9、10题的选项。看第7题前面，凯伦说想要注册一门课，管理员说抱歉，接下来是阐述原因，后面才会说and also(并且)。所以从C、D选项中选择。C意思为系统不允许我，很明显这句话应该是凯伦说的，因为管理员的工作就是操作系统。因此选D。

　　8.【答案】C

　　【解析】结合第七题的排除，并且下文斯图尔特说是因为已经满了，所以此题肯定不会选D(但是教室已经满了)，因此选C。

　　9.【答案】B

　　【解析】根据空格后的回答“我叫凯伦”，本题问的应是“名字叫什么”，结合选项，因此选B。

　　10.【答案】A

　　【解析】根据空格后是回答，所以第十题应该是一般疑问句，因此应该选择A。

　　【参考译文】

　　斯图尔特：您好，有什么能帮您的吗?

　　凯伦：恩，是这样。我想注册比较文学287这门课。

　　斯图尔特：很抱歉，这门课已经满了。而且学生应该通过拨号注册系统选课。

　　凯伦：我知道，我已经用手机试过了，但是系统无法使用。

　　斯图尔特：那是因为这门课已经满了。

　　凯伦：但是我是新生。我在想也许有其他方式能够让我参加这门课。

　　斯图尔特：好吧，我可以把你放到等待名单中。但是也不保证你能选中这门课。你叫什么名字?

　　凯伦：我叫凯伦。

　　斯图尔特：好的，你是什么专业的?

　　凯伦：我是比较文学专业。

　　斯图尔特：等一下。你是比较文学专业的?

　　凯伦：是的，科恩教授让我参加比较文学287这门课。

　　斯图尔特：学校的电脑系统在比较文学287课程中，为比较文学专业的学生留了额外的位置。

　　凯伦：尽管课程已经被选完了?

　　斯图尔特：是的。

　　Part II Vocabulary (2018)

　　11.【答案】 D

　　【解析】句中词 diversity多样性。

　　A. difference 不同，区别 B. adversity困境，逆境

　　C. unity 统一，一致 C. variety多样化，种类

　　【译文】部长认为应当采取措施让教育系统更多元化。

　　12.【答案】 C

　　【解析】句中短语once in a while 偶尔，有时。

　　A. rarely少见地，很少 B. often经常

　　C. occasionally 偶尔，间或 D. seldom很少，不常

　　【译文】在陷入争吵时，他偶尔会发脾气。

　　13. 【答案】 A

　　【解析】句中词 intuition直觉。

　　A. instinct本能，直觉 B. intelligence智力，智能

　　C. rationality理智，理性 D. experience经历，经验

　　【译文】直觉无法被证实，但很多人相信直觉并根据直觉来做决定。

　　14. 【答案】 D

　　【解析】句中词 sensitive敏感的。

　　A. patient 耐心的 B. generous慷慨的

　　C. emotional情绪的 D. responsive响应的，敏感的

　　【译文】跨国公司必须对它所在国家的文化习俗保持敏感。

　　15.【答案】 A

　　【解析】句中短语step down辞职，退位。

　　A. resign辞职 B. remove移动

　　C. retire退休 D. replace替换

　　【译文】最终，约翰史密斯选择辞去公司首席执行官的职务，回到老本行软件研究领域。

　　16. 【答案】 C

　　【解析】句中词immersed浸入的，专注的。

　　A. concentrated 集中的(后接on) B. addicted上瘾的(后接to)

　　C. absorbed专心致志的 D. committed坚定的(后接to)

　　【译文】他们完全沉浸在实验中，因此实验室外所发生的事一无所知。

　　17. 【答案】 D

　　【解析】句中词 initiate开始，发起。

　　A. transmit传播，传输 B. follow跟随

　　C. promote促进，提升 D. launch发起

　　【译文】上个月，政府发起了一场关于体育政策未来走向的公开讨论。

　　18. 【答案】 D

　　【解析】句中短语comply with遵守。

　　A. consider考虑 B. question质疑，提问

　　C. support支持 D. observe观察，遵守

　　【译文】我开始长胡须了，但是我不愿按要求把它刮掉。

　　19 【答案】 B

　　【解析】句中词 diminish减少，变少。

　　A. decrease减少 B. change改变

　　C. disappear消失 D. expand扩大

　　【译文】随着战争的加剧，签署和平协议的几率降低了。

　　20. 【答案】 B

　　【解析】句中词 superficially表面地。

　　A. possibly可能地 B. seemingly似乎，看上去

　　C. apparently明显地 D. practically实际地

　　【译文】然而，从表面上看，这样的想法可能会出现，且往往是不理智且鲁莽的。

　　Part III Reading Comprehension

　　Section A

　　Passage One (2019)

　　【文章介绍】

　　文章主要讲述了个人商业机构探索太空、太空旅行以及太空旅馆建设的美好的理想和现实问题。

　　21.【答案】A

　　【考点】词义辨析题

　　【解析】 “下一个淘金热”指的是什么?

　　回到第二段，结尾出现“下一个淘金热”的关键词。看整句话，对于宇宙的研究确实是会成为下一次的淘金热。看以下四个选项，A选项 “太空探索可能是下一个投资热点”是原文语义的一种转换的说法。故A选项为正确答案。

　　【误项排除】B项“投资者对太空淘金热情高涨”，C项“私营企业对太空旅行更感兴趣”，D项“在遥远的行星上可能发现金子”这三项不符合题意。

　　22.【答案】B

　　【考点】细节理解题

　　【解析】从第三段我们能知道?

　　先去看选项，再读原文看跟哪个选项的意思更贴近。第三段原文“space hotel would be much easier to design and build”只提及space hotel很容易设计与建造，并没有提及入住的舒适程度，所以A项排除。C选项意思与原文“The view of Earth and the stars must be spectacular”相反，D选项原文没有提及。因此选B项“萨莉·莱德很喜欢她的外太空之旅”。

　　【误项排除】A项“太空旅馆会很不舒服”，C项“地球和星星的景色很无聊”，D项“太空游客后悔他们所做的一切”，这三项不符合题意。

　　23.【答案】C

　　【考点】判断题

　　【解析】商业太空旅行所提及的阻碍有哪些?

　　根据题干，可以在第五段找到答案，可以在原文中找到A、B、D三个选项的内容，而第五段并没有提及政府反对相关内容。因此选C项“政府反对”。

　　【误项排除】A项“潜在危险”，B项“巨大的花销”，D项“未知的危险”这三项不符合题意。

　　24.【答案】B

　　【考点】态度题

　　【解析】作者对商业太空旅行的态度是?

　　作者的态度是根据文章的布局反映出来的，本文先阐述了对外太空的探索很热门，接下来从支持者和反对者两个角度进行描写。作者并没有提现个人态度的语句，从正反两方面写探索外太空的现实情况，非常客观的阐述事实。所以选B项“客观的”。

　　【误项排除】A项“漠不关心”，C项“支持的”，D项“反对”，这三项不符合题意。

　　25.【答案】B

　　【考点】标题题

　　【解析】 该篇文章的最佳标题是什么。

　　文章主要讲述了个人商业机构探索太空、太空旅行以及太空旅馆建设的美好的理想和现实问题。因此，B项“个人太空商业的未来”正确。

　　【误项排除】A项“外太空的探索”，C选项“太空旅馆”，D项“人类在太空”，这三项不符合题意。

　　【参考译文】

　　很多人看着天空中的星星，想象着如果能到外太空旅游会是什么光景。自从太空项目开始，去地球以外的地方旅游已经成为了精选出来的少数人的特权—宇航员。但是，其余的人只能去期待宇宙光景的形式可能要有所转变了。

　　那些喜欢去太空旅行的人觉得这是时候去摆脱政府支持的NASA组织，让个人或者私人组织能够去探索外太空。想象一下私人资助的太空研究前哨站、火星任务和月球采矿作业。

　　想象一下在太空旅行是什么样子。那些有幸访问过太空的人都称这是一次奇妙的经历。地球和星星的景色一定很壮观，生活在“零重力”下的体验一定很迷人。第一位访问太空的美国女性Sally Ride说，这是她一生中最大的乐趣。想象一下在太空旅馆预订周末(或更长时间)的航班是多么激动人心。事实证明，太空旅馆的设计和建造要比国际空间站容易得多;早期对建造这些旅馆的费用的估计表明，如果建造轨道旅馆是为了容纳大量的太空旅行者，旅馆的费用就会降低。

　　太空旅馆和其他企业可能想到的项目将允许人们亲眼看到太空中正在发生的事情。这可能会导致美国宇航局及其太空研究得到更多的支持，并使太空计划目前获得的资金得到更多的赞赏。

　　那些反对扩大太空探索的人认为，太空探索的成本是巨大的，不切实际，他们指出，必须通过消费者或企业赞助筹集数十亿美元。此外，民用太空旅行有潜在的危险，其中涉及许多未知的风险。

　　谁将决定商业轨道飞行器的安全性，以及如何为它们投保?像这样的问题需要时间在来自不同行业的小组之间进行讨论。专攻制造、旅游、营销、保险、法律和金融的公司都必须参与其中。

　　另一些人则认为，有太多悬而未决的问题，短期内无法将平民送入太空。还有一些人对在太空探索上投资提出质疑，因为在地球上存在着贫困和疾病等需要解决的普遍问题。至少在未来的许多年，对这些人来说，商业太空旅行将仍然是科幻小说。

　　Passage Two (2019)

　　【文章介绍】本文主要以第一人称描述了自己的职场经历，经过不断地根据自己的兴趣调整工作，最后得出结论：“工作可以混合和匹配，以得到一个适合的。”由此找到了，最适合自己的工作。

　　26.【答案】B

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】作者认为第一段中他的会议组织工作怎么样?

　　文章第一段，作者说自己很疑惑这份工作是不是他想要的，他作为一个科学家，并不是一个活动策划者，但是却无暇顾及会议上的内容，一直忙于策划的工作。A、C、D三个选项在文中并没有提及。所以B项“它不如科学研究有意义”正确。

　　【误项排除】A项“这证明他的事业正在取得进步”，C项“这对他来说太有挑战性了”，D项“这给了他一种成就感”，这三项不符合题意。

　　27.【答案】C

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】作者辞去科学期刊编辑的工作是因为?

　　第二段提到作者换的三份工作 lab scientist，conducting literature searches，scientific journal editor，找到题目中的scientific journal editor，去文中定位“the job required a lengthy commute”翻译为这项工作需要很长的通勤时间。所以C项“离家太远了”正确。

　　【误项排除】A项“他对工资不满意”，B项“它要求高强度的工作”，D项“他只得到一份短期合同”，这三项不符合题意。

　　28.【答案】D

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】第三段的“something”可能意味着什么?

　　文章第三段描述作者尝试不同的 role,去弄清楚哪一个角色适合，哪一个不适合。因此此题选D项“一个合适的身份”。

　　【误项排除】A项“一份理想的工作”，B项“一个平衡的生活”，C项“一个稳定的模式”，这三项不符合题意。

　　29.【答案】D

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】作者目前的工作是什么?

　　文章最后一段“For the last year, I have been a university program manager/freelance writer”。因此此题选D项“他在一所大学工作，也兼职写作。”。

　　【误项排除】A项“他既是活动策划人，也是项目经理。”，B项“他在一所大学教书，也写书。”，C项“他是一名全职经理，也是一名自由撰稿人。”，这三项不符合题意。

　　30.【答案】B

　　【考点】主旨题

　　【解析】这篇文章主要讲的是什么?

　　本文主要用第一人称描述了自己的职场经历，经过不断地根据自己的兴趣调整工作，最后得出结论：“工作可以混合和匹配，以得到一个适合的。”由此找到了，最适合自己的工作。因此此题选B项“作者改变了对职业的看法”。

　　【误项排除】A项“作者清晰的职业规划。”，C项“作者在困难面前坚持不懈，D项“作者未能获得工作合同”，这三项不符合题意。

　　【参考译文】

　　当170人坐下来吃饭时，我松了一口气：会议进行得很顺利。作为一名大学项目经理，我的工作之一就是管理这个项目，致力于促进学术界和产业界之间的生物技术合作。当我几年前开始这个角色的时候，我想也许经过多年的职业探索，我终于找到了适合我的工作。但在会议上，我自己在想，这是不是我真正想从我的职业生涯中得到的。我是一名科学家，不是一名活动策划者——但我一直忙于组织会议，无暇欣赏正在讨论的研究。是时候做出另一个改变了吗?

　　我一开始是一名实验室科学家，但后来发现，高度专注的实验室工作并不适合我。我的下一份工作是在一家制药公司做文献检索。我喜欢这份工作，这让我能够密切关注研究。但我只拿到了一份短期合同，所以一年后我不得不离开。后来我成为了一名科学期刊编辑，我热爱我接触到的广泛的科学，但这份工作需要很长的通勤时间。所以，我做了另一个重大的改变，得到了现在的工作。

　　这已经成为一种模式：我在每个角色上花了几年时间，却发现它并不完全适合我。我也意识到，也许我在寻找一些不存在的东西。

　　我开始思考一些创造性的方法，为我的工作生活增添我所寻求的科学刺激。凭借我之前的知识和编辑经验，我意识到我有能力通过自由科学写作来做到这一点，比如为杂志和博客撰写新闻文章。

　　在我的前同事的积极回应下，我最终决定，我可以用少于全日制的时间来做我的大学工作。幸运的是，我的经理同意了。

　　在过去的一年里，我一直是一名大学项目经理/自由撰稿人，我从未像现在这样快乐过。将这两个角色交织在一起有时有点棘手。但我终于觉得我有了一个适合我需要的职业。我已经意识到，职业并不一定是现成的。工作可以混合和匹配，以得到一个适合的。

　　Passage Three (2018)

　　【文章介绍】本文主要介绍了几种食肉性植物如捕蝇草、猪笼草、 螺旋狸藻等及其捕食方式。

　　31.【答案】B

　　【考点】语义题

　　【解析】本题问的第二段中的“carnivorous”意思最接近的是哪项。

　　文章第二段主要对比了食肉性植物与其它植物，在carnivorous词后，就解说了其缘由：他们能够迷惑、诱捕并吃掉虫子。因此选B项“食虫的”。

　　【误项排除】A项“有营养的”，C项“食草的”，D项“有吸引力的”，这三项不符合题意。

　　32.【答案】C

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】 作者最可能认同的是哪项。

　　根据第二段第一句所述：全球约有391，000种植物，只有600来种植物是食肉性的。因此选C项“只有少量的植物是食肉性的”。

　　【误项排除】A项“有太多的食肉性植物物种”，B项“世界上的植物种类太少了”，D项“大多数指物都是食肉性的”，这三项不符合题意。

　　33.【答案】D

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】 食肉性植物的营养主要来源于哪里?

　　文章第三段第三句直接陈述了食肉性植物从它们的猎物中获得营养。因此选D项“它们的猎物”。

　　【误项排除】A项“其它植物”，B项“土壤” ，C项“太阳”， 这三项不符合题意。

　　34.【答案】B

　　【考点】段落归纳

　　【解析】 第三段大意的最佳表达是哪项。

　　第三段描述了猪笼草是如何捕猎的，它通过提供花粉诱使猎物进入到身体里，且光滑的体表让猎物无法逃脱。因此选B项“猪笼草引诱虫子进入它的胃部”。

　　【误项排除】A项“食肉性植物的研究有许多”，C项“猪笼草用多种方式灭掉它的猎物”，D项“一些植物通过提供花粉来诱惑虫子”，这三项不符合题意。

　　35.【答案】B

　　【考点】推断题

　　【解析】 推断螺旋狸藻的消化器官位于哪里。

　　最后一段描述了螺旋狸藻是如何捕食的，通读该段，可知该植物是通过毛发捕食并消化的，由此此题选B项“在其顶部的某处”。

　　【误项排除】A项“在其根部的某处”，C项“在它的花朵里”，D项“在它的叶子里”，这三项不符合题意。

　　【参考译文】

　　想像你是一只苍蝇，你正在寻找一处落脚的地方。当你看到一片粉色的叶子，看似一块可以落脚的好地方。当你双脚落在这片叶子上时，你注意到了有些不对劲。这片叶子有毛。当你想要移动时，却发现自己引起了这个植物的反应。 喀嚓!不到十分之一秒的时间，你被捕蝇草逮住了，并将在5到12天内被消化掉。

　　全球约有391，000种植物，只有600种左右 的植物是食肉性的。我们称之为食肉性植物，是因为他们能够迷惑、诱捕并吃掉虫子。和其它指物一样，它们通过太阳获得能量。但又和其它植物不一样的是，它们通过猎物获得营养。食肉性植物居住的地方，土壤缺乏营养。许多植物从土壤中获得营养，但食肉性植物却不得不转向其它来源。

　　猪笼草诱惑猎物着落到它们身上，利用花粉做诱饵，迷惑那些愚蠢的昆虫。正如其名， 猪笼草呈深桶型。瓶口表面很光滑，而且它们内部有着粗毛，这让落入的虫子无法逃脱。这只苍蝇被诱落在猪笼草上，并滑入了全是消化液的囊中。

　　螺旋狸藻有开口的茎，茎中有弯曲的毛发。这些毛发让虫子只能向上爬向树干，但却无法返回。向上通向植物的胃。落入螺旋狸藻里的虫子发现自己无法逃脱，它们只能走向死亡。

　　还有狸藻类植物。它们生长在水中，漂浮在水面。狸藻的捕食器类似囊状物，隐藏在水下，而在水面只能看到它的花。当虫子游近刺毛时，捕虫囊就开始活动了。它随着水流吸食着猎物，猎物将在数小时内会被消化掉。

　　Passage Four (2018)

　　【文章介绍】本文主要介绍了海上旅行的优点。相比航空旅行，乘船出行让人心情放松，享受平静。

　　36.【答案】C

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】 第一段强调了海上出行的哪一方面。

　　文章第一句话就描述了宁静的难得，而作者在海上出行却能感受到这宁静时刻，是多么的珍贵。因此选C项“心灵的平静”。

　　【误项排除】A项“特别的景致”，B项“完全自由”，D项“冒险精神”，这三项不符合题意。

　　37.【答案】B

　　【考点】语义题

　　【解析】 与affinity词义最接近的是哪一项。

　　文章第二段描述了相比飞行，海上出行让作者感到真实，且约翰·肯尼迪说：“我们与海洋是相连的，是一体的。”因此选B项“紧密相联”。

　　【误项排除】A项“强烈的情感”，C项“纯粹的兴奋”，D项“令人印象深刻的时刻”，这三项不符合题意。

　　38.【答案】A

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】 看着船离港时，谁印象最深刻。

　　文章第三段主要是海伦·奥奇拉描述船离港时，自己的感受，因此选A项“海伦·奥奇拉”。

　　【误项排除】B项“维托·杜马”，C项“凯西·温斯顿”，D项“约翰·肯尼迪”，这三项不符合题意。

　　39.【答案】D

　　【考点】细节题

　　【解析】 汤姆·布里特认为乘船出行比乘飞机出行要好的原因是什么。

　　根据人名，定位到文章第四段，汤姆·布里特认为在船上可以看到越来越近的陆地，让人兴奋。因此选D项“提供更为清晰的地面风景”。

　　【误项排除】A项“让人陷入深思” ，B项“给乘客更好的放松机会”，C项“提供更舒适的环境”，这三项不符合题意。

　　40.【答案】C

　　【考点】推断题

　　【解析】 根据最后两段，下面哪一项不是海上出行的优势。

　　整篇文章阐述了海上出行的优点，只有C项“提升健康的生活方式”在原文并没有提及。因此选C。

　　【误项排除】A项“友好的家庭生活“，B项“满足冒险的心”， D项“让人放松”，这三项不符合题意。

　　【参考译文】

　　在现如今快节奏的生活中，很难找到一片宁静。片刻的宁静似乎是罕见且奇妙的。对我来说，最珍贵的时刻发生在一艘船上。正如传说中的水手维托·杜马曾说过，“在海上，你才是真正的自己。”在甲板上，享受着令人惊叹的景色，海风吹走了每日的烦恼。他的观点值得欣赏。

　　飞行是一种痛苦。从喧嚣的机场到空间狭隘的机舱，商业航空并没有什么能吸引我去冒险—或让我感到舒适。然而，喜欢乘船出行并不只是因为对飞行的恐惧。不论我是在短途的摆渡船上还是在海上航游，海洋给我一种真正的旅行，从船只离港到航向开阔的海域，这种航行令人印象深刻。约翰·肯尼迪说：“我们与海洋是一体的。”当我的船驶向一个令人兴奋地新目的地时，我感到了一种亲切感。

　　我并不孤单。旅行作家海伦·奥奇拉说：“旅程也是假期的一部分。无论天气如何，我都要站在甲板上，观看绳子解开，然后船从码头滑入水中，岸边的风景离我越来越远。”

　　斯帕盖蒂旅行博客的创始人汤姆·布里特认为，在飞机上很难看清地面，但在船上，看着越来越近的陆地是多少兴奋的一件事。

　　对于旅行编辑凯西·温斯顿来说，这是一种冒险，即使在从A到B极为简单的旅行中，宽广的海域似乎能让你去探索新的领域。而在船上的这种浪漫，你在飞机上或高速公路上是无法感受到的。温斯顿也很重视海上航行带来的友好家庭生活。她说：“在水上，尤其是和孩子在一起，感觉特别放松。”

　　无论是为了与孩子相处的便利还是纯粹的浪漫，船一直都是许多旅行者喜爱的交通方式。船能把我到我想去的地方，避免了飞行时的匆忙和恐惧。在海上，随着现实世界的远离，我总能再次找到自己对大海的热情。

　　Section B (2014)

　　【文章介绍】本文主要论述了家长参与孩子的学习是否有助孩子的学业成绩提高，通过研究得出，家长参与孩子的学习和生活，并不能让孩子学业提高。

　　41.【答案】C

　　【考点】语义推断

　　【解析】 第一段中的“they”指的是什么?

　　第一段的最后一句所述：These obligations are so baked into American values that few

　　parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort. 即这些义务深深地植入了美国人的价值观，很少有父母会停下来问参与到孩子的学习中是否值得。因此选C项“义务”符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项“原则”，B项“学习”，D项“价值”，该三项与原文不符合。

　　42.【答案】A

　　【考点】细节推断

　　【解析】 罗宾逊和哈里斯的研究得出的主要结论是什么?

　　第二段的第二句：杜克大学的社会学教授凯思·罗宾森和安琪·哈里斯关于家长参与

　　到孩子的教育是如何影响学业成绩的问题做了有史以来最大规模的研究，并发现大多数情况下并没有影响。因此选A项“家长的参与未必会让孩子受益”符合题意。

　　【误项排除】B项“家长更多地参与孩子的学习会不断地提升孩子的成绩”是他们想

　　证明的内容，但不是结论;C项“学校应与家长经常沟通”和D项“对于成绩差的学生，家长的参与效果更好”原文没有提及。

　　43.【答案】D

　　【考点】细节推断

　　【解析】 评论1的看法是什么?

　　根据评论1的内容，可知家长的参与孩子的学习和生活将有助于孩子的成长或让孩

　　子拥有类似于家长的思维方式。因此选D项“家长可能会影响孩子的思维”符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项“孩子毕竟是孩子”，B项“家长应该不要干涉孩子的事”，C项“家

　　长持续性地参与到孩子的事是不可或缺的”，该三项不符合原文。

　　44.【答案】B

　　【考点】细节推断

　　【解析】 评论2的作者可能会认同哪种看法?

　　根据评论2的内容，可知这也取决于孩子。情感和社会的成熟与要在大学和人生中取

　　得成功有很大关系。有些孩子可能有头脑，甚至厌倦高中学习，但这并不意味着他们为上大学或职场生活做好了准备。因此选B项“高智商的孩子并不意味着成功”符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项“准备上大学是一种情感经历”，C项“在美国的高中学校经常是

　　无趣的”，D项“社会成熟足以获得人生的成功”，都与原文不符合。

　　45.【答案】C

　　【考点】细节推断

　　【解析】 评论3的作者认为下面哪种家长的帮助方式是合适的?

　　根据评论3的内容我对帮助的理解是在孩子做练习时协助孩子(比如说帮助他们解决

　　一道数学题)并且/或者是检查他们的作业是否正确而不仅仅是确保孩子完成了作业。我认为后者比前者更有用，可知C项“确保孩子完成了作业”符合题意。

　　【误项排除】A项“监督孩子在班上的表现”，B项“检查孩子的作业是否正确”，D项“协助孩子做练习”，该三项不符合题意。

　　【参考译文】

　　在美国抚养孩子的一个核心原则是父母应该积极参与孩子的教育当中：与老师会面，志愿在学校辅助孩子完成作业和做其他很多事情，而工作的父母很少有人有时间去做这些事情。这些义务深深地植入了美国人的价值观，很少有父母会停下来问这样做是否值得。

　　直至今年一月，研究人员也很少探究该方面的问题。杜克大学的社会学教授凯思·罗宾森和安琪·哈里斯关于家长参与到孩子的教育是如何影响学业成绩的问题做了有史以来最大规模的研究，并发现大多数情况下并没有影响。研究者整理了近三十年来关于美国家长的有价值的调查信息，并追踪了家长参与到孩子们学习中的63种不同的方式，包括帮助孩子做家庭作业，和孩子们谈论大学计划。为了说明这些家长更多地参与到其学习的孩子们的学业成绩是否会随着时间的推移而有所提高，研究人员索引了这些衡量孩子们学业成绩的方式，包括阅读和数学测试的分数。

　　令他们惊讶的是家长参与的许多重要方式似乎并没有让孩子的学业有所提升，甚至适得其反——不论该家长所属的种族、阶级和教育水平怎样。

　　你每天晚上会检查你的女儿的家庭作业吗?罗宾森和哈里斯的研究数据说明了这么做并不会让她在标准测试中取得更高的分数。事实上，一旦孩子读中学时，家长协助孩子做家庭作业只会带来孩子的考试分数降低，罗宾森认为，这种结果可能是因为许多家长或许已经忘记或从没有真正理解孩子们在学校所学的知识。

　　尽管罗宾森和哈里斯在很大程度上否定了这个假设，他们发现家长的一些习惯能带来不同，比如面对幼孩大声朗读(能每天朗读的人更是少于一半)，与青少年谈大学计划。但这些行为不在学校或老师面前进行，而是在家里，那是政策制定者们最有影响的地方。

　　评论1：

　　从根本上来说，这是一个关于你是否让孩子保持其本性的选择。家长不断地参与孩子的学习，并在经常和孩子交流中表达出自己的想法，不管是有意识还是无意识的，这些行为将更早有助于孩子的成长或让孩子拥有类似于家长的思维方式。

　　评论2：

　　这也取决于孩子。情感和社会的成熟与要在大学和人生中取得成功有很大关系。有些孩子可能很有头脑，觉得高中生活无趣，但这并不意味着他们为上大学或职场生活做好了准备。

　　评论3：

　　这篇文章并没有定义出什么是“帮助，”但我对它的理解是在孩子做练习时协助孩子(比如说帮助他们解决一道数学题)并且/或者是检查他们的作业是否正确而不仅仅是确保孩子完成了作业。我认为后者比前者更有用。当然我也认为没有哪种学习会阻止家长监督孩子的学业表现。

　　Part IV Cloze (10 points) (2014)

　　【文章介绍】本文主要围绕人们是糟糕的礼物赠送者展开，阐述了两种情形：人们在赠送礼物时考虑的是满意度，而礼物接收者往往考虑的是实用性。

　　46.【答案】C

　　【考点】考查非谓语动词的辨析。

　　【解析】根据后半句：imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces可知此处要表达的是我们想象我们的朋友正打开礼物时的表情。因此选C项进行时，表示正

　　在发生的事符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项opened, 过去式，表示已经发生，B项have opened, 现在完成时，

　　从过去到持续现在的动作，并对现在产生的影响，D项to open, 不定式，表目的和将要做的事，该三项不符合原文语义。

　　47.【答案】A

　　【考点】考查与in搭配的词组辨析。

　　【解析】根据连词and可知，想象朋友在打开礼物里脸上开心和惊讶的表情，我们感

　　受到朋友回赠的温暖情感，因此选A项in return：作为回报，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】B项in place：合适地，C项in turn：反之，D项in person：亲自，都与原

　　文不符合。

　　48.【答案】D

　　【考点】考查关系词的用法。

　　【解析】根据句意：然而，最富有情感的礼物赠送者往往不会考虑一些事情：礼物首

　　先是否实用。因此选D项“是否”符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项how： 如何，B项why：为什么，C项when：什么时候，都不符合原文。

　　49.【答案】A

　　【考点】考查副词词组辨析。

　　【解析】根据后半句：实用性似乎是赠送礼物的敌人，可知3选A项in many cases：

　　在很多情况下，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】B项in many ways：通过多种方式，C项to sum up：总而言之，D项to be

　　sure确定，都不符合原文。

　　50.【答案】B

　　【考点】考察动词词组辨析。

　　【解析】根据前半句：Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen

　　hardware，可推知这些东西是很好的礼物，因此选B项make for组成，构成，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项take up：拿起，从事，C项lead to：导致，带来，D项work out:解

　　决，弄明白，都不符合原文。

　　51.【答案】D

　　【考点】考察形容词词义辨析。

　　【解析】根据句意：赠送者赠送自己绞尽脑汁想让对方惊讶的礼物，所购买的礼物却

　　是对方显然不想要的，而如果赠送对方真正想要的礼物，那么接收者肯定会更开心。因此选D项happier:更开心，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项surprised：惊讶的，B项happy：开心的，C项more surprised：更惊讶，

　　都与原文不符合。

　　52.【答案】C

　　【考点】考察关联性词组辨析。

　　【解析】根据句意，此处表示的是选择所赠送的礼物时两种不同的情况，因此选C项

　　rather than：而不是，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】A项but for：要不是，B项as to：关于，D项regardless of：不管，不顾，都

　　与原文不符合。

　　53.【答案】A

　　【考点】考察动词词义辨析。

　　【解析】根据前面的givers and receivers, 可推知选A项measure：衡量，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】B项select：选择，C项classify：分类，D项decide：决定，都与原文不符合。

　　54.【答案】A

　　【考点】考察名词词义辨析。

　　【解析】该句的是为了例证前面的feasibility(实用性)，因此选A项ease：舒适，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】B项cost：成本，C项quality：质量，D项look：外观，都与原文不符合。

　　55.【答案】A

　　【考点】考察副词词义辨析。

　　【解析】根据连词and并列时内容上的一致性，且该句的前半句的consistently, 可知

　　选A项continuously：持续地，始终，符合原文。

　　【误项排除】B项nevertheless：尽管，C项whereas：然而，D项unexpectedly：出乎意料，

　　都与原文不符合。

　　【参考译文】

　　具有讽刺意味的是一项研究发现我们实际上都是糟糕的礼物赠送者，因为我们花太多的时间努力做到考虑周全。我们想象着我们的朋友打开那份感人的、昂贵的且富有情感的礼物时脸上开心和惊讶的表情，从而我们可以感受到朋友回赠的温暖情感。然而，最富有情感的礼物赠送者往往不会考虑一些事情：礼物首先是否实用。

　　在很多情况下，实用性似乎是赠送礼物的敌人。漂亮的珠宝、可爱的手表、完美的地毯、精致的手工厨具：这些都是很好的礼物，因为他们能向接收者传递一些超出实用的信息，传递着赠送者所在乎的东西。

　　但是接收者在乎吗?通常是不在乎的。研究人员论述，赠送者赠送自己绞尽脑汁想让对方惊讶的礼物，所购买的礼物却是对方显然不想要的，而如果赠送对方真正想要的礼物，那么接收者肯定会更开心。调查问卷建议赠送者和接收者要从两个方面来衡量礼物：满意度(比如：咖啡机的成本)和实用性(比如：咖啡机的舒适)。通过几次实验，他们发现赠送者在赠送礼物时总是从满意度出发，而接收者对礼物的喜爱总是基于实用性。

　　Part V Text Completion

　　Text One (2018)

　　【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国婚礼的传统习俗。

　　56.【答案】C

　　【解析】分析结构：此处缺少动宾成分，本句意是：新郎新娘通常会做什么，结合选项，只有C项“交换戒指”符合。

　　57.【答案】A

　　【解析】分析结构：本句是系表结构，此处缺少表语，本句意是：在这里食物是怎样的，结合选项，只有A项“如此丰富”符合。

　　58.【答案】B

　　【解析】分析结构：本句所缺的词是描述一对夫妻与一把把大米之间的关系，而该句中已给了be动词，可推断空格前后是被动关系。结合选项，只有B项“给予”符合。

　　59.【答案】A

　　【解析】分析结构：本句缺少一个句子，根据前后语意，可推断此处描述的跟戒指有关。结合选项，因此选 A 项“新郎新娘通常会交换戒指”。

　　60.【答案】C

　　【解析】分析结构：本句缺少一个句子，根据前后语意，可推断此处描述的跟大米有关系。结合选项，因此选 C“项新郎、新娘经常会被给予一把把大米”。

　　61.【答案】B

　　【解析】分析结构：该句子已有主句，空格出只是对主句的附加说明，结合选项，只有B项“在这会有很多的食物”的定语从句符合。

　　【参考译文】

　　美国的婚礼有很多不同的形式。但是，不管在哪或是用何种方式举行的婚礼，婚礼都会包含一些传统习俗。比如，在婚礼上，新郎新娘通常会交换戒指。在仪式中，交换的戒指通常会被双方带在左手的第四根手指上。

　　婚礼仪式后，朋友和家人会向小两口身上抛洒大米。众所周知，大米象征着高产和收获。之后通常就是举办宴会，在宴席上会有很多的食物，会吸引在场人们的注意。

　　Text Two (2014)

　　【短文大意】本文是加利福尼亚高等教育学费贵的问题。

　　62.【答案】C

　　【解析】A项beyond 超过; B项send 送;C项 as well as 同样……，也……。the wages of average families 家庭平均工资，根据语义可以排除选项B。第63题beyond the reach of…… 所不及的。所以C项符合题意。

　　63.【答案】A

　　【解析】beyond the reach of…… 所不及的。 beyond the reach of most Americans “让很多美国人无法接受”。

　　64.【答案】B

　　【解析】send to送到……。send young people to college “送孩子读大学”。

　　65.【答案】A

　　【解析】前面说学费比其他各项费用的增长速度都快，后面是进行补充，可知A项符合题意。as well as the wages of average families “包括家庭平均工资”。

　　66.【答案】B

　　【解析】前面说学费比其他各项费用的增长速度都快，说对那些去读大学的人来说则意味着更高的债务，可以推断学费对于大多数家庭来说支付不起，可知B项符合题意。

　　67.【答案】C

　　【解析】in介词词性，可知C符合题意。sending young people to college “送孩子上大学”。

　　【参考译文】

　　加利福尼亚的一个研究小组已经发布了一份“关于高等教育的国家教育报告卡”。报告显示自1982年以来大学学费增长了百分之四百多。学费比其他各项费用以及家庭平均工资的增长速度都快很多。该小组警告说，如果这种趋势持续的话会让很多美国人无法接受高等教育，而对那些去读大学的人来说则意味着更高的债务。该报告同时表达了美国在教育方面将要失去领导地位的担忧。

　　Text Three (2014)

　　【短文大意】本文是讲述企鹅翅膀释放气泡减少翅膀表面的阻力来加速的研究。

　　68.【答案】B

　　【解析】from between +n 从……之间。

　　69.【答案】A

　　【解析】 缺少不定式后面的动词，可以排除B项和C项。69空前面的would可知是作谓语。返回原文定位到最后的75题。根据最后一段可知设计师正研究各种方法来通过释放气泡，减少船身的摩擦力来使船加速。然而，研究人员了解到，进一步的调查正受到挑战可以推断这种船身模仿企鹅翅膀是困难的。可知A符合题意。

　　70.【答案】C

　　【解析】 本句有主谓，并空缺处是在could前面可以排除A,B,D项。可知C符合题意。

　　71.【答案】D

　　【解析】缺少不定式后面的动词，可以排除选项B和C。并A项更符合69题可知D符合题意。

　　72.【答案】C

　　【解析】比较级，意思是气泡可以使企鹅的速度快上2-3倍，可以推断是比原来速度快上2-3倍。可知C符合题意。

　　73.【答案】A

　　【解析】第一句话可知企鹅的羽毛储存空气，可以推断是从羽毛中释放的气泡使企鹅加速。可知A符合题意。

　　74.【答案】D

　　【解析】上面说企鹅羽毛中释放的气泡使企鹅加速，这句话主要表达气泡使企鹅加速的原理。可知D符合题意。

　　75.【答案】B

　　【解析】缺少原因状语从句的谓语部分。可知B符合题意。

　　【参考译文】

　　帝企鹅用羽毛储存空气。这样做不仅使它抵御严寒，也可以使其速度比平时快2-3倍。这是怎么做到的?海洋生物学家说从羽毛中释放小空气泡会时帝企鹅加速。释放这些气泡时，企鹅翅膀表面的阻力减小，使企鹅加速。

　　有趣地是，设计师正研究各种方法来通过释放气泡，减少船身的摩擦力来使船加速。然而，研究人员了解到，进一步的调查正受到挑战因为企鹅翅膀的复杂性很难模仿。

　　Paper Two 试卷二 (2016)

　　Part VI Translation

　　书籍开本呈稳态增长趋势：过去的15年,其平均页数增加了25%。一项关于《纽约时 报》2500多本畅销书的研究显示：书本的平均篇幅已经从1999年的320页增加到了2014 年的400页。开展这项调查的James Finlayson认为：书籍厚度“相对稳定逐年增长”，这种转变很大程度上归因于产业数字化。他表示，“当你在书店里拿起一本厚厚的书，有时会被吓到。但是如果你在Kindle(电子书)上读一本篇幅很长的书,那就没有问题了。”

　　Part VII Writing (2016)

　　Nowadays, with the rapid development of computer technology, in particular, the artificial intelligence (AI), the application of senior AI in the future has aroused a considerable worldwide concern. It is recently reported that in a ground-breaking fight between man and AI, the world champion of game Go was mercilessly defeated by Deep Mind Alpha Go, a product from Google, which gives rise to some people’s fear toward advanced AI in future practice. And they take it for granted that human being would probably be totally controlled by machine.

　　As far as AI is concerned, I am fully convinced that we are supposed to maintain an objective and positive attitude toward the emerging issue of artificial intelligence. All that AI knows it is nothing but the simulation of information on the process of conscious thinking, or in another words, it’s something that subjects to its inventor’s design awareness. Consequently, as long as we are fully conscious of its possible disadvantages, certain restrictions can be input into the program to avoid potential disastrous occurrences. Additionally, it is well hoped that AI and intelligent machines can possibly free human labors from virtually all kinds of jobs.

　　Above-mentioned discussion can safely lead to the conclusion that what we are supposed to do is but to learn to get along with the inevitable development of computer technology and to adapt to the updated social structure changed by AI.

　　本试题为读研教育同等学力申硕学员模拟测试题，未经许可不得转载!