Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Under the right circumstances, choosing to spend time alone can be a huge psychological blessing. In the 1980s, the Italian journalist and author Tiziano Terzani, after many years of reporting across Asia, holed himself up in a cabin in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. “For a month I had no one to talk to except my dog Baoli,” he wrote in his book A Fortune Teller Told Me. Terzani passed the time with books, observing nature, “listening to the winds in the trees, watching butterflies, enjoying silence.” For the first time in a long while he felt free from the unending anxieties of daily life: “At last I had time to have time.”
Terzani’s embrace of isolation was relatively unusual: humans have long considered solitude an inconvenience, something to avoid, a punishment, a realm of loners. Science has often associated it with negative outcomes. Freud, who linked solitude with anxiety, noted that, “in children the first fears relating to situations are those of darkness and solitude.” John Cacioppo, a modern social neuro-scientist who has extensively studied loneliness—what he calls “chronic perceived isolation”—contends that, beyond damaging our thinking powers, isolation can even harm our physical health. But increasingly scientists are approaching solitude as something that, when pursued by choice, can prove a therapy.
This is especially true in times of personal disorder, when the instinct is often for people to reach outside of themselves for support. “When people are experiencing crisis it’s not always just about you: It’s about how you are in society,” explains Jack Fong, a sociologist at California State Polytechnic University who has studied solitude.
In other words, when people remove themselves from the social context of their lives, they are better able to see how they’re shaped by that context. Thomas Merton, a monk and writer who spent years alone, held a similar notion. “We cannot see things in perspective until we cease to hug them to our breast,” he writes in Thoughts in Solitude. “People can go for a walk or listen to music and feel that they are deeply in touch with themselves.”
1. Tiziano Terzani spent a month alone to ________.
A. embrace isolation
B. study butterflies
C. write a book
D. look after his dog
2. The word “solitude” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to “________’’.
A. growing anxious
C. being helpless
B. feeling empty
D. staying alone
3. The opinions of Freud and Cacioppo are cited to show that ________.
A. children tend to fear darkness and solitude
B. solitude pursued by choice can be a therapy.
C. chronic isolation can harm interpersonal relations
D. solitude has long been linked with negative outcomes.
4. According to Jack Fong, the sense of personal crisis may be influenced by ________.
A. an isolated lifestyle
B. mental disorder
C. low self-esteem
D. social context
5. The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A. solitude should be avoided at all costs.
B. anxieties of daily life may cause personal crisis
C. choosing to spend time alone can be a blessing
D. seeking support is useless for tackling personal crisis.
1. 【答案】 A
【考点】 细节推断
【分析】问题问帝奇亚诺·坦尚尼独自一人花了一个月的时间做什么。利用查阅式阅读可以在文章第一段中找到相关信息,即帝奇亚诺·坦尚尼自己躲进了日本茨城县的一间小木屋,花了一个月的时间,与狗作伴,与书为伴,消磨时光,观察着大自然,听着林中的风,看着蝴蝶,享受着安静。第一段首尾句是对帝奇亚诺·坦尚尼一个月里所作所为的概括和总结:“我终于有时间空闲下来了。”在适当的环境下,选择独处可以是一种巨大的心理祝福。而第二段的第一句话也指出了坦尚尼所作所为的原因和目的:对独处的接纳是相当不寻常的。因此,本题的正确答案应选A,接纳独处。
【误项排除】选择项B:研究蝴蝶;C:写书;D:照看狗;这三个答案只是具体细节和实例,不是所作所为的目的和原因,因此均为干扰项。
2. 【答案】 D
【考点】 词汇含义
【分析】问题问在第二段中的单词“solitude”可能的意思是什么。如果考生认识该词汇,知道其词义为:“孤独,隐居,独处”,可以直接选择正确答案D,独自一人住,独处。如果不认识这个词汇,而了解英语词根sol--,soli—的意思是alone,也可以找出正确答案D,staying alone。含有这个词根表示独自、一个的例词还有:sole“唯一的,专用的”,solely“单独地,仅仅”,solitary“孤独的,唯一的;独居者”,solo“独唱,独奏”,soliloquy“独白,独自一人说的话”,solid“一致的,固体的,坚实的,结合成为一体的”等。另外,还可以利用上下文内容猜出本词的含义。利用查阅式阅读,我们可以在第二段中第一、二句话里找到相关信息:坦尚尼对独处的接纳是相当不寻常的:人类长期以来一直认为孤独是一种不便,是应避免的东西,是一种惩罚,是孤独者的一种境界。根据isolation、loner、后文中的loneliness这些词汇,我们可以推断solitude与这些词汇的意思比较相近,均为孤独、独处、一个人做事,因此,本题的正确答案是D。
【误项排除】选择项A:变得焦虑;B:觉得空虚;C:感到无助;这三个答案的词义与原文中的solitude的语义都不相符,均为干扰项。
3. 【答案】 D
【考点】 细节推断
【分析】问题问文章中引用弗洛伊德和卡乔波的观点是为了证明什么。我们可以在第二段中找到相关信息:将孤独与焦虑联系在一起的弗洛伊德指出:“在儿童中,与情境有关的首要恐惧是对黑暗和孤独的恐惧。”约翰·卡乔波是一位现代社会神经系统科学家,他广泛地研究了孤独——他称之为“慢性感知隔离”——他认为,除了破坏我们的思维能力之外,孤独甚至会损害我们的身体健康。引用这两个人的观点都是为了证明其前面的观点句:科学经常将其与消极后果联系在一起。即孤独与消极后果有关系。所以,本题的正确答案是D,长期以来,孤独与消极的结果联系在一起。
【误项排除】选择项A:儿童常常害怕黑暗和孤独;这是弗洛伊德的观点,不是观点所证明的结论;B:选择追求孤独可能是一种心理治疗;不是弗洛伊德和卡乔波的观点;C:长期的孤立会损害人际关系;不是弗洛伊德和卡乔波的观点;这三个答案都是干扰项。
4. 【答案】 D
【考点】 细节推断
【分析】问题问按照杰克·方的观点,个人危机感可能是受什么的影响。利用查阅式阅读,我们可以在第三段中找到以下信息:加州理工大学研究孤独的社会学家杰克·方解释说: “当人们经历危机时,并不总是你的问题: 而是有关你在社会中怎样的问题。” 而第四段第一句是对此句的解释和补充:换言之,当人们从其生活的社会环境中脱离出来时,他们就能更好地看到他们是如何被这种环境所塑造的。由此我们可以推断出杰克·方的观点是社会环境会影响人的危机感。所以,本题的正确答案是D,社会环境。
【误项排除】选择项A:孤僻的生活方式;B:精神病,心理失常;C:自尊心低,自卑;这三个答案均不是杰克·方所陈述的内容,所以都是干扰项。
5. 【答案】 C
【考点】 文章主题
【分析】问题问文章的主要观点是什么。利用浏览式阅读通读文章全文的重点词句,我们可以看出文章一开始就指出了主题:在适当的环境下,选择独处可以是一种巨大的心理祝福。接着详细讲述了不同的人对独处经历的感受,同时介绍了几位科学家对孤独或独处的利与弊的分析,最后指出独处可以是一种心理疗法,可以让人认真审视自己的内心感受。因此,本题的正确答案是C,选择独处可以是一件幸事。
【误项排除】选择项A:应该不惜一切代价避免孤独;不符合文章主要内容,因此本答案错误。B:日常生活的焦虑可能导致个人危机;不是本文所要介绍的主题,为干扰项。D:寻求支持对解决个人危机毫无用处;原文未提到,此答案为干扰项。
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