题数：77题
Paper One 试卷一
Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each )
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. A: Frank, where are the cookies? Don’t tell me you ate them all!
B: ___________ They were so good.
A. Yes, forget it. B. Yes, I couldn’t help it.
C. No, I’m sorry D. No, don’t be mad.
2. A: The train is delayed again.
B: ___________How long do we have to wait?
A: About forty minutes.
A. What a pity! B. How annoying!
C. I’ m sorry to hear that. D. So far so good.
3. A: When Lisa saw me at the mall, she didn’t even say hello to me.
B: I can’t understand why ___________. I thought you were good friends.
A. you greeted her first B. she was also there at the time
C. she gave you the cold shoulder D. you should have cared
4. A: I used to make delicious pies, but this one tastes terrible.
B: I think you’re really ___________.
A. out of date B. out of touch
C. out of hand D. out of practice
5. A: Dr. Smith, what’s wrong with my father?
B: Well,___________, considering his advanced age.
A. he’s in pretty good shape B. don’t ask me such a question
C. I have no idea D. I have nothing to say for the moment
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
6. Woman: Bob, if you weed the garden, I’ll do the dishes.
Man: It’s a deal.
Questions: What does the man mean?
A. He agrees to the proposal.
B. He rejects the idea.
C. He thinks it’s unfair.
D. He stands to gain.
7. Woman: Can I go skiing with you and your friends this weekend?
Man: The more, the merrier.
Question: What does the man mean?
A. There are already too many people.
B. He can’t promise the woman now.
C. The woman is welcome to join them.
D. The woman can come next time.
8. Man: This suitcase cost me 200 dollars.
Woman: 200 dollars for a piece of junk like that? That’s a rip-off!
Question: What does the woman mean?
A. It’s a bit expensive.
B. It’s a real bargain.
C. It’s not worth the price.
D. It’s unexpected.
9. Woman: The house seems in a bad shape.
Man : Yes, we’ve decided to rebuild it from scratch.
Question: What would the man probably do to the house?
A. He would scratch the paint off its surface.
B. He would tear it down first.
C. He would make some repairs.
D. He would rebuild it by himself.
10. Ted: I ate four hamburgers, Mom.
Mother: Well, you’ve made a pig of yourself.
Question: What do we learn from the conversation?
A. Pigs love hamburgers too.
B. Ted looks overweight.
C. The hamburgers were delicious.
D. Ted ate too many hamburgers.
Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)
Section A
Directions: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
11. In his closing remarks, the chairman expressed his thanks to all those who had contributed to the success of the conference.
A. comments B. speech C. criticism D. lecture
12. Both Tom and his brother take after their father not only in appearance but also in character.
A. resemble B. assimilate C. follow D. reflect
13. The hurricane was incredibly devastating and left thousands homeless.
A. forceful B. mighty C. destructive D. dangerous
14. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. evaluate B. memorize C. protect D. observe
15. Economic factors aside, the imbalanced distribution of educational resources also affects fairness of education.
A. unjust B. impartial C. uneven D. improper
16. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to hold back her laughter.
A. check B. keep C. stop D. retain
17. The government has called for an independent inquiry into the incident.
A. requirement B. examination C. analysis D. investigation
18. A great number of houses would have to be removed to make way for the new amusement park.
A. take the place of B. give space for C. build up D. work out
19. Drug use accounts for approximately three-quarters of all reported cases of HIV in the country.
A. possibly B. roughly C. generally D. specifically
20. For their own safety, household pets should be confined to their own yard.
A. tamed B. regained C. restricted D. contained
Section B
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21. By a strange ________, both candidates have come up with the same solution to the problem.
A. coincidence B. encounter C. chance D. overlap
22. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ________ the speakers stopped for refreshments.
A. at large B. at intervals C. at ease D. at random
23. Mr.Tunick filed suit against the New York police department after city officials his request.
A. turned down B. turned in C. turned off D. turned out
24. The fireman had a ________ escape when a staircase collapsed beneath his feet.
A. close B. narrow C. hard D. near
25. Many painters, rock singers, and street dancers have distinct hair style,________ to their group.
A. particular B. essential C. special D. peculiar
26. That he brought the company big profits wouldn’t ________ putting the company’s money into his own pockets.
A. justify B. clarify C. testify D. amplify
27. We’re ________ 50 new staff this year as business grows.
A. taking over B. taking in C. taking on D. taking up
28. Is the theory of evolution in direct ________ with religious teachings, or does it leave room for debate?
A. comparison B. distinction C. disturbance D. contradiction
29. Libraries are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fall into ________.
A. dissolution B. decay C. decline D. depression
30. A transplant operation is successful only if doctors can prevent the body from rejecting the
________ organ.
A. borrowed B. strange C. novel D. foreign
Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
A 10-year-old boy decided to study judo (柔道) despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a terrible car accident. The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master, and he was doing well. But he couldn’t understand why, after three months of training, the master had taught him only one move.
“Sir,” the boy finally said, “shouldn’t I be learning more moves?”
“This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you’ll ever need to know,” the master replied.
Not quite understanding, but believing in his teacher, the boy kept training.
Several months later, the master took the boy to his first tournament (锦标赛).Surprising himself, the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, his opponent became impatient and charged; the boy skillfully used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success, the boy was now in the finals.
This time, his opponent was bigger, stronger, and more experienced. For a while, the boy appeared to be overmatched. Concerned that the boy might get hurt, the referee called a time-out. He was about to stop the match when the judo master intervened.
“No,” the judo master insisted, “Let him continue.”
Soon after the match resumed, his opponent made a critical mistake: he dropped his guard. Instantly, the boy used his move to pin him. The boy had won the match and the tournament. He was the champion.
On the way home, the boy and his judo master reviewed every move in each and every match. Then the boy summoned the courage to ask what was really on his mind.
“Sir, how did I win the tournament with only one move?”
“You won for two reasons,” the master answered.
“First, you’ve almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo. Second, the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm.”
31. Why did the boy want to learn judo?
A. He wanted to get over the accident.
B. He wanted to make up for his disability.
C. He wanted to exercise his right arm.
D. The reason was not mentioned in the passage.
32. When a referee calls a “time-out”, ________.
A. the time has run out B. the game stops for a short time
C. either side can claim victory D. the game ends in a tie
33. Why did the master insist on continuing the match?
A. He didn’t want to give the opponent an advantage.
B. The boy was confident of winning.
C. He had confidence in the boy’s skill.
D. All he cared about was winning the final.
34. What probably caused the defeat of the boy’s opponent in the final?
A. Over-confidence. B. Impatience. C. Inexperience. D. Exhaustion.
35. Why did the master teach the boy only that one move?
A. The boy could not do other moves with only one arm.
B. It was the only move the master knew well.
C. It was the move his opponent would not be good at.
D. His opponent would be helpless once he made that move.
36. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. One can turn a weakness into an advantage.
B. It is very difficult to have a good teacher.
C. Even a disabled person can win a match.
D. Practice makes perfect.
Passage Two
My five-year-old daughter knew exactly what she wanted for Christmas of 1977, and told me so. Yes, she still would like the pink-and-green plastic umbrella, books, long nightgown, and slippers―fine. But really, there was only one thing that mattered: a Barbie Townhouse, with all the accessories.
This was a surprise. Rebecca was not a Barbie girl, preferred stuffed animals to dolls, and wasn’t drawn to play in a structured environment. Always a make-up-the-rules, design-my-own-world, do-it-my-way kid. Maybe, I thought, the point wasn’t Barbie but the house, which she could claim for herself, since we’d already moved five times during her brief life.
Next day, I stopped at the mall. The huge Barbie Townhouse box was there: “3 Floors of High Styled Fun! Elevator Can Stop on All Floors!” Some Assembly Required. Uh-oh. My track record for assembling things was miserable. Brooklyn-born, I was raised in apartment buildings in a family that didn’t build things. A few years earlier, I’d spent one week assembling a six-foot-tall jungle gym from a kit containing so many parts. I spent the first four hours sorting and the last two hours trying to figure out why there were so many pieces. The day after I finished building it, as if to remind me of my limitations, a tornado (龙卷风) touched down close enough to scatter the jungle gym across an acre of field.
I assembled the Barbie Townhouse on Christmas Eve. Making it level, keeping the columns from looking like they’d melted and been refrozen, and getting that elevator to work were almost more than I could manage. And building it in curse-free silence so my daughter would continue sleeping―if, in fact, she was sleeping―added a layer of challenge. By dawn I was done.
Shortly thereafter, my daughter walked into the living room. Her surprise may not be real, but her delight was utterly genuine and moves me to this day, 34 years later. Rebecca had spurred me to do something. I didn’t think I could do. It was for her, and-like so much of the privilege of being her father―it brought me further outside myself and let me overcome doubts about my capacities.
37. In the author’s eyes, his little daughter was ________.
A. obedient B. unstable C. original D. stubborn
38. The author thought that his daughter’s choice of the Barbie Townhouse________.
A. was natural for a five-year-old girl
B. was influenced by her life experience
C. reflected the change in her taste
D. brought her back to normal
39. For the author, assembling things ________.
A. was largely in his blood
B. was a challenge he enjoyed
C. was always his weak point
D. was part of his family education
40. Assembling the Barbie Townhouse________.
A. brought out the author’s potentials
B. turned out to be easier than expected
C. actually drove the author crazy
D. was a bad memory for the author
41. In the last paragraph the author mainly expressed________.
A. his pride in being a father
B. his gratitude to his daughter
C. his concern about his capacity
D. his delight in helping his daughter
42. What can be learned about the relationship between the author and his daughter?
A. They are on good terms with each other.
B. They barely speak to each other.
C. They are polite but cold to each other.
D. They keep secrets from each other.
Passage Three
It is all very well to blame traffic jam, the cost of petrol and the fast pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter. You might tolerate the odd road-hog (占道者), but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to hit back when subjected to uncivilized behavior. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgments of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it.
Contrary to general opinion, young drivers have better manners than their seniors. But this is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any mercy. This may be encouraged on the battlefield but is out of place on the roads.
Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signaling cars to overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. They couldn’t be bothered to select a lower gear. The car drivers, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning.” Punch-ups (打群架) are quite common. It can’t be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used.
Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be, he can’t be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.
43. The author is most concerned about ________.
A. traffic jam
B. road manners
C. fast pace of life
D. high cost of petrol
44. The word “deplorable” (Para.1) most probably means “________”.
A. more serious B. more tempting C. disturbing D. noticeable
45. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Many drivers tend to fight back against rude behaviors.
B. A little courtesy may help ease the tensions on the road.
C. Goodwill and tolerance may help relieve traffic jam.
D. Many drivers nowadays lack a good sense of courtesy.
46. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A. young drivers are more aggressive
B. young drivers would soon lose their good manners
C. elder drivers are more cautious
D. elder drivers should improve their driving skills
47. An example of good manners on the roads is ________.
A. signaling cars to overtake B. manufacturing a gap
C. selecting a lower gear D. using the direction indicator
48. According to the author, a good driver should ________.
A. be technically skilled
B. have a good state of mind
C. be sympathetic with others
D. take good care of his vehicle
Passage Four
On how the world has changed over the last 50 years, not all of it has been good. As you are looking for organic food information, you have obviously become aware that a better alternative exists and you are taking a critical look at the source and production practices of the companies producing the world’s food supplies.
The purpose of organic food information is to give you an understanding of what is going into your food. You will see that there are many benefits to organic food that you didn’t know before. The basis behind knowing about organic food information is the fact that farmers are resorting to using artificial fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂) to control disease and insect attack in order to produce more crops to satisfy growing demand. These artificial fertilizers leave something poisonous in and on the fruit and vegetables we consume which in turn is absorbed and stored by our bodies.
Even the quality of food has gone down in recent years. Today’s fruits have nowhere near the Vitamin C levels they did at one time. However, with organic food information you learn that organic food has fifty percent more nutrients, minerals and vitamins than any other form of produce that has been grown under intensive farming. If you are eating non-organic produce you will have eat more fruit in order to make up for this deficiency. But then the dangerous cycle continues since you will be eating more chemicals that are worse for your health than they are good for you.
Another aspect of organic food information is the production of meat and poultry (家禽). Most only consider produce when it comes to organic food information disregarding the antibiotics and hormones that are given to both cattle and poultry that are being force fed. Ask yourself what happens to all these antibiotics and hormones when the animals is killed, the remaining of these antibiotics and growth hormones reside in the meat which are then consumed, digested and stored in human bodies. There is no way that an animal that isn’t kept in healthy conditions can produce healthy food for humans to eat.
You have nothing to lose by trying organic product, not only will it be healthy for you but you will also be able to eat produce and meat the way they are supposed to be. You will likely be so impressed with the taste of organic fruit that you will never return to the mass-produced fruit again. While cost and availability can be a big issue for some, you can do a bit of research online and find a local store that stocks organic produce for a reasonable price.
49. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that organic food ________.
A. is considered as a better choice
B. is mostly supplied by world famous companies
C. has become popular over the last 50 years
D. reflects the change of production practices.
50. Farmers use artificial fertilizers and pesticides to ________.
A. satisfy people’s critical demand
B. develop better farming technology
C. get a higher crop yield
D. keep people in better health
51. According to Paragraph 3, organic food ________.
A. has gone down in quality B. has more nutrients
C. can replace mass produced food D. lacks Vitamin C
52. What does the author say about meat and poultry?
A. Organic meat and poultry is hardly available.
B. A great amount of meat is consumed every year.
C. Merciless killing of the animals lowers their quality.
D. They may contain antibiotics and growth hormones.
53. In the last paragraph, people are advised to ________.
A. eat traditional produce and meat
B. return to mass produced fruits
C. do the cost and availability research
D. try organic product for better health and taste
54. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. the benefits of organic food information
B. the challenges facing the world food industry
C. changes in food production practices
D. a growing demand for high quality food
Passage Five
Drinking wastewater? The idea may sound distasteful, but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so―whether they know or not―and this reuse will be increasingly necessary as the U.S. population expands.
Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink, according to a report released by the National Research Council. “We believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water scarcity, especially in coastal areas,” says Jorg Drewes, an engineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. “This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk,” he says, citing technological advances. He says it’s a waste not to reuse the nation’s wastewater, because almost all of it is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff (径流) as well as used water from homes, business and factories.
In many places, the report says, the public does not realize it’s drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example, wastewater discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston, the source for Houston’s drinking water.
Despite the growing importance of this reuse, the report says there’s been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the council’s report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase, especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take longer to establish potables (适于饮用的) uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated.
“We have to do something to address water scarcity,” says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. “Less than 10% of potable water is used for drinking, cooking, showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet, literally.” Technologies exist to safely treat the water, she says, although some are expensive.
The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination (脱盐) and other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards.
55.As can be learned from Paragraph 1, drinking wastewater ________.
A. is to become a growing necessity
B. is well received by the Americans
C. has caused heated public debates
D. has become the dominant option
56. Which of the following statements would Jorg Drewes agree to?
A. Water reuse may eventually put the public at risk.
B. Water reuse is preferable to wasting water.
C. Water reuse is far from a solution to water shortage.
D. Water reuse is possible only after greater tech advances.
57. Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public ________.
A. accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmly
B. is concerned about the safety of the drinking water
C. does not believe that wastewater is safe to drink
D. is not aware of the nature of their drinking water
58. According to Alan Roberson, ________.
A. it is not safe to drink wastewater
B. the report has surprised the public
C. the report helps build up public confidence
D. the public has yet to accept drinking wastewater
59. Olga Naidenko’s remarks emphasize ________.
A. the recent progress
B. the existing problems
C. the new perspective
D. the potential risks
60. What does the report suggest to the EPA?
A. Weighing different water conservation options.
B. Exploring new technologies to treat wastewater.
C. Setting up national standards for water reuse.
D. Monitoring water supplies at a national level.
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1for each)
Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Why do kids hate Brussels sprouts (芽甘蓝)? Because Brussels sprouts are bitter, and kids generally don’t like bitter tastes. But it’s not their 61 . Researchers say that a dislike for bitter and sour is a survival instinct, since most toxic substances 62 that way too. On the other hand, sweetness typically indicates that something is 63 to eat, so children are born with a 64 for sweets.
What we like to eat changes over time. As we age, we realize that 65 something tastes bitter or sour, it won’t kill us, and we learn to 66 . When we’re older, we 67 some of our smell sensitivity. Humans need smell to experience flavor, which is different from taste. With our senses diminished, we’ll probably begin 68 sugar and salt to our food, to heighten the flavor. 69 , there’s a theory that the reason many especially “big”-tasting wines in recent years have won awards is that wine critics are getting older and finding subtle flavors 70 to sense.
If someone is 71 to detect flavors at all, he may have a taste 72 , which can be caused by a tongue injury or brain damage. Or it could be a problem with 73 . The channel that separates the mouth from the nose allows us to smell behind our nose and is 74 enjoying most complex flavors. That’s why food seems 75 when we have a stuffy nose―expect chicken noodle soup. It’s so salty.
61. A. fault B. choice C. habit D. regret
62. A. feel B. look C. sound D. taste
63. A. strange B. necessary C. safe D. ready
64. A. capacity B. preference C. awareness D. consideration
65. A. now that B. in case C. if only D. even though
66. A. enjoy B. improve C. treat D. alter
67. A. form B. lose C. reduce D. gain
68. A. putting B. balancing C. adding D. limiting
69. A. In essence B. In conclusion C. In fact D. In short
70. A. softer B. nicer C. worse D. harder
71. A. unlikely B. unable C. impossible D. improbable
72. A. disorder B. symptom C. therapy D. illusion
73. A. mood B. taste C. flavor D. smell
74. A. subject to B. liable to C. crucial for D. beneficial for
75. A. delicious B. flavorless C. bitter D. smelly
Paper Two 试卷二
Part I Translation (30minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section)
Section A
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
In many ways the Internet has had a very positive effect on society. It has improved communication, simplified handling tasks, offered a huge convenience, enabled faster processing, and provided more options, all of which frees more time to do other things. Yet, interestingly enough, the Internet has in some ways had negative effects. The quality of communication has declined and people are impatient because they have become accustomed to instant satisfaction, and using the Internet also takes up a lot of time.
Section B
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
乔布斯(Steve Jobs)去世后备受敬仰，原因之一是他创造了科技产品的美感。乔布斯认为无论是汽车还是电脑，人们都愿意购买一些比同类产品更为美观的东西，在乔布斯的领导下，从产品外形、材料到使用感受等各个方面，苹果都带来了无与伦比的体验，让人们的生活变得更美了。
Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of My Favorite Way of Keeping Fit. Some clues are given below in Chinese. Please remember to write your composition clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.
保持健康有多种做法……，我最喜欢的做法是…
________________________________________________
参考答案
Paper One 试卷一
Part I Dialogue Communication
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D
Part II Vocabulary
Section A
11. 【答案】B
【解析】句中词remark讲话，评论。
A. comment评论，注解 B. speech演讲，讲话
C. criticism批评 D. lecture讲座
【译文】在闭幕词讲话时，主席向促成会议成功的所有人表示感谢。
12. 【答案】A
【解析】句中词take after长得像。
A. resemble像，类似 B. assimilate吸收
C. follow跟随 D. reflect反映
【译文】汤姆和哥哥不仅长得像父亲，性格也像。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】句中词devastating毁灭性的。
A. forceful强有力的 B. mighty巨大的
C. destructive破坏性的 D. dangerous危险的
【译文】飓风的毁灭性超乎想象，上千人流离失所。
14. 【答案】D
【解析】句中词comply with遵守。
A. evaluate评价 B. memorize记忆
C. protect保护 D. observe遵守，观察
【译文】读者要遵守图书馆的规章制度，注意自己的行为。
15. 【答案】C
【解析】句中词imbalanced不平衡的。
A. unjust不公正的 B. impartial公正的
C. uneven不平稳的 D. improper不合适的
【译文】除了经济因素，教育资源分配不均也影响到教育的公平性。
16. 【答案】A
【解析】句中词hold back忍住，抑制。
A. check 克制，抑制 B. keep保持
C. stop阻止 D. retain保留
【译文】爱尔兰挤奶女工看着我费劲巴拉地把牛犊往饲养棚里拉，强忍着不笑。
17. 【答案】D
【解析】句中词inquiry调查。
A. requirement要求 B. examination考试
C. analysis分析 D. investigation调查
【译文】政府一直呼吁对此事件进行独立调查。
18. 【答案】B
【解析】句中词make way for为……让路。
A. take the place of取代 B. give space for提供空间
C. build up建立 D. work out搞清楚
【译文】要为新的游乐园腾出空间，需要拆掉大批的住宅。
19. 【答案】B
【解析】句中词approximately大约。
A. possibly可能 B. roughly大概
C. generally总体上 D. specifically特定地
【译文】这个国家因毒品导致的艾滋病病例约占3/4。
20. 【答案】C
【解析】句中词confine限制。
A. tame驯服 B. regain恢复，收回
C. restrict限制，约束 D. contain包含
【译文】为了安全起见，家庭宠物应圈养在自家院子里。
Section B
21. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是名词的辨析与应用。
A. coincidence巧合 B. encounter不期而遇
C. chance机会 D. overlap重叠
【译文】奇怪的是两名候选人碰巧提出了相同的解决办案。
22. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是at相关的介词短语辨析与应用。
A. at large整个地，未被捕地 B. at interval间断地
C. at ease轻松地 D. at random随便地，任意的
【译文】讨论时间过长，大家都筋疲力尽，讲话者只好暂停几次中场休息。
23. 【答案】 A
【解析】本题考查的是turn相关的动词短语辨析与应用。
A. turn down拒绝 B. turn in上交
C. turn off关掉 D. turn out结果是
【译文】在受到城市官员的拒绝后，图内科先生对纽约警察部门提起诉讼。
24. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是常用表达法a narrow escape“死里逃生”。
【译文】楼梯在脚下坍塌，消防员死里逃生。
25. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析与应用。
A. particular特别的，特殊的 B. essential必要的，本质的
C. special特殊的 D. peculiar特有的，奇特的
【译文】很多画家、摇滚歌手和街头舞者发型独特，是艺术家所特有的风格。
26. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析与应用。
A. justify证明…合理 B. clarify使…清晰，阐明
C. testify证实 D. amplify放大
【译文】他虽然帮公司创造了巨大的利润，但不能说明他公饱私囊是合情合理的。
27. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是take相关的动词短语辨析与应用。
A. take over接管 B. take in吸收
C. take on雇佣 D. take up开始从事
【译文】随着业务增长，我们将雇佣50名新员工。
28. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析与应用。
A. comparison比较 B. distinction区别
C. disturbance打扰 D. contradiction矛盾
【译文】进化论是与宗教教条直接矛盾?还是有争论的余地吗?
29. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析与应用。
A. dissolution 解体 B. decay腐烂
C. decline 衰落 D. depression沮丧，抑郁
【译文】图书馆是对未来的投资，不应让其陷入衰退状态。
30. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析与应用。
A. borrowed借来的 B. strange陌生的
C. novel新奇的 D. foreign外来的
【译文】只有在医生确保身体不排斥外来器官的情况下，才能保证移植手术成功。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【文章介绍】
这是一篇记叙文，描写一个失去左臂的男孩学习柔道，最终赢得比赛的事情。
31. 【答案】D
【考点】细节查找
【解析】 男孩为什么想学习柔道的原因?
第一段讲到，虽然小男孩在车祸中失去了左臂，但仍然决定学习柔道，跟随一名日本柔道大师学习，并未涉及他为何去学习柔道。所以选D项“文章没有提及”。
【误项排除】A项“他想忘却这次事故”，B项“他想弥补他的不足”，C项“他想锻炼他的右臂”，这三项原文都没有涉及。
32. 【答案】B
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 裁判叫“暂停”会怎样?
根据第七段第三句：裁判担心男孩受伤，宣布中场暂停，可以推断选B项。time-out:暂停，休息时间。
【误项排除】A项“比赛时间已经结束”，C项“任一方宣布胜利”,D项“比赛以平手结束”。
33. 【答案】C
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 大师坚持继续比赛的原因?
文章最后一段，师傅说明了原因：第一，你几乎掌握了柔道里最难的一个动作。第二，对付这个动作的办法，对手需要抓住你的左臂。可以推断出选C项“他对男孩的技术有信心”。
【误项排除】A项“他不想给对手一个优势”，B项“男孩有信心获胜”，D项“他所关注的就是赢得决赛”。
34. 【答案】A
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 可能导致男孩的对手决赛中失败的原因?
文章谈到，对手从身高、体型到经验都强于男孩，比赛中显得两者实力悬殊，裁判怕男孩受伤中场暂停，开场后对手放弃了防卫。因此选A项“过于自信”。
【误项排除】B项“没有耐心”和D项“筋疲力尽”是指的第三场比赛中对手失败的原因，而不是决赛。C项“没有经验”与原文相反。
35. 【答案】D
【考点】细节查找
【解析】 大师只教小男孩那一个动作的原因?
文章结尾部分师傅说明了原因“第一，你几乎掌握了柔道里最难的一个动作。第二，对付这个动作的办法，对手需要抓住你的左臂。”因此选D项“一旦他做出那个动作，对方就没有机会赢”。
【误项排除】A项“男孩无法用仅有的一只手做其它动作”，B项“这是大师比较了解的唯一一个动作”，C项“这是男孩的对手不擅长的动作”。这三项文章都没有涉及。
36. 【答案】A
【考点】主旨归纳
【解析】 本文主要想告诉我们什么?
整篇文章讲的就是一个失去左臂的男孩，学会一个需要对手抓他左臂的动作后，赢得比赛的事情。因此选A项“人可以化缺点为优势”。
【误项排除】B项“有一个好老师很难”，C项“即使是残疾人，也能赢得比赛”，D项“熟
能生巧”，都无法说明本文的意图。
【参考译文】
一个10岁的男孩虽然在可怕的车祸中失去了左臂，但仍然决定学习柔道。这个男孩跟一位年长的日本柔道师傅上课学习，效果很好。但他不明白为什么已经训练3个月了，老师还只是教他那一招。
“先生，”男孩最终说出口，“我是不是要再学几个动作?”
“你现在只会这一个动作，你只要学会这个动作就行了，”师傅回答。
虽然没有听太懂，他相信老师的话，继续训练。
几个月后，师傅带徒弟去参加第一个锦标赛。
让人惊讶的是，男孩轻松地赢得了头两场比赛。第三场就没那么轻松了，但过了一会儿，对手就变得不耐烦，情绪化起来;男孩技术娴熟地使用那一动作，赢得了比赛。男孩没想到能够连胜三场，现在已经进入决赛了。
这一次，他面临的对手从身高、体格到经验都更胜一筹。有一段时间，人们觉得男孩与对手实力悬殊。裁判担心男孩受伤，宣布中场暂停。就在裁判想终止比赛的时候，柔道师傅出面阻止。
“不，”柔道师傅坚持说，“让他继续。”
比赛重新开始没多久，男孩的对手就犯了一个关键性错误：他放弃了防卫。男孩使用那一招，立即控制住了对方，最终赢得本场比赛，成为锦标赛冠军。
在回家路上，男孩和他的柔道师傅回顾了每场比赛中的每个动作。这时候男孩鼓起勇气，想一问究竟，消除心中的疑云。
“先生，我为什么仅凭这一个动作就能获胜?”
“你获胜有两个原因，”师傅回答。
“第一，你几乎掌握了柔道里最难的一个动作。第二，对付这个动作的办法，对手需要抓住你的左臂。”
Passage Two
【文章介绍】
这是一篇记叙文，描写的是作者为满足女儿圣诞节心愿即拥有一栋芭比王国，挑战自我的事。
37. 【答案】C
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 在作者眼中，小女儿是什么样的?
根据第二段：……always a make-up-the-rules, design-my-own world, do-it-my-way kid.可以推断选C项“具有创新思维”。
【误项排除】A项“顺从的”，B项“不稳定的”,D项“固执的”，都与文意不符合。
38. 【答案】B
【考点】细节查找
【解析】 作者认为女儿选择芭比王国的原因是什么?
第二段最后一句说到，由于作者经常搬家，女儿缺少安定感，所以想有一栋自己的房子。因此选B“受她生活经历的影响”。
【误项排除】A项“对于一个5岁的小女孩来说是很然的事”，C项“反应了她的喜好变化”，D项“把她带回到正常生活中来”，这三项文章都没有涉及。
39. 【答案】C
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 对作者来说，组装东西是一件什么样的事情?
第三段写到，组装之类的活儿他一直不在行。因此选C项“一直是他的弱点”。
【误项排除】A项“他天生就很擅长”，B项“他喜欢的一种挑战”,D项“这是他的家庭教育的一部分”。
40. 【答案】A
【考点】细节查找
【解析】 组装芭比王国是怎样的?
文章最后一段写到，作者在满足女儿要求时，也突破了自我，挖掘了自身的潜能。因此选A项“激发了作者的潜能”。
【误项排除】B项“比预期中的要更容易”，C项“事实上让作者抓狂”，D项“对作者来说是非常糟糕的回忆”，与原文都不符合。
41. 【答案】B
【考点】段落主旨
【解析】最后一段作者主要想表达什么?
接上题，最后一段说，作者在满足女儿的同时，超越了自我，增加了自信，并认为这是一种privilege“荣幸”。因此选B项“感激女儿”。
【误项排除】A项“作为父亲感到骄傲”,C项“他对自己能力的关注”，D项“他乐于帮助他的女儿”，与原文都不符合。
42. 【答案】A
【考点】细节推断
【解析】我们可以从文章中看出作者和女儿的关系如何?
通读全文，文章中没有写到两者关系不好或很少说话的事情，因此选A项“两人关系很好”。
【误项排除】B项“他们几乎不说话”,C项“他们礼貌地却冷淡地地对待对方”，D项“他们有着各自的秘密”。
【参考译文】
那年是1977年，我5岁的女儿知道自己圣诞节想要什么，就告诉我了。是的，她一直想要粉绿色的塑料伞、几本书、长长的睡袍和拖鞋。这都没问题，但有一件东西让我很头疼―一个装备齐全的芭比王国。
我非常惊讶，瑞贝卡不喜欢芭比玩具，与洋娃娃相比，更喜欢毛绒动物娃娃，也不喜欢在条条框框的环境中玩耍。她一直是一个“我的世界我做主”的小孩。我想，或许她想要的并不是一个芭比娃娃，而是一所属于自己的房子，因为自出生以来我们已经搬了5次家了。
第二天，我来到商店，看到那个庞大的芭比王国，上面写着：“三层高档次玩具，电梯在每层都停”。需要组装。天哪，我向来对组装东西不在行。我出生在布鲁克林，从小生活在单元楼里，家族里没有做建筑工作的。就在几年前，我花了一周的时间将零零碎碎的部件组装成六英尺高的攀玩架。其中头四个小时将部件分门别类，再用两个小时搞清楚为何有这么多部件。就在完成组装的第二天，一阵龙卷风来袭，将攀玩架吹得散落满地，足有一英亩的面积，让我觉得自己的组装能力确实不好。
圣诞夜前夕我组装了芭比王国。把它放平，不让柱子看起来好像融化过又冻结的样子，使电梯运作，我几乎很难做到。组装的时候怕吵醒女儿，还要控制住自己不抱怨不说脏话，这给我又添加了一层压力。天亮的时候才干完。
没一会儿我女儿就走进了起居室。她的惊喜或许不是真实的，但看她确实非常开心，让我感动到34年后的今天。瑞贝卡曾鞭策我去做我认为做不到的事情。芭比王国是为她而做的，做她的父亲确实很有福气，不仅激发了我的潜能，而且让我战胜了怀疑自我能力的心理。
Passage Three
【文章介绍】这是一篇议论文，文章开头引入话题：道路驾驶行为变本加厉，已经发
展到需要治理的地步。然后说何为文明驾驶：不仅体现在驾驶行为，更重要的是礼让的意识。当前的道路风气恶劣，文明驾驶难以存续。最后说，体现出驾驶者素质的，是心态而非技术水平。
43. 【答案】B
【考点】细节查找
【解析】作者最关心的事情是什么?
文章第一段谈到，马路上的不文明驾驶行为正变本加厉。因此选B项“道路行为”。
【误项排除】A项“交通拥堵”,C项“生活节奏快”，D项“油价成本高”，这三项原文在文章首句提及了，但是不是作者最关心的。
44. 【答案】A
【考点】语义推断
【解析】本题问deplorable的含义?
第一段尾句说到，这种恶劣的驾驶风气急需通过宣传教育加以控制，否则很快会失控。因此选A项“更加严重”。
【误项排除】B项“更有诱惑力”,C项“令人不安的”, D项“显而易见的”，都与原文不符合。
45. 【答案】D
【考点】段落主旨
【解析】第二段的主要观点是什么?
第二段谈到文明道路礼节不仅体现在驾驶行为上，还包括理智的意识。但现在很多人都无视道路上的礼让行为。因此选D项“当今驾驶者缺少礼让意识。”
【误项排除】A项“许多司机往往会反击道路上的粗鲁行为”，这只是道路粗鲁行为的一种表现，不是作者的主要观点。B项“些许礼貌可能有助于缓解道路上的紧张氛围”和C项“好心和宽容能帮助缓解交通拥挤”，这是改善道路粗鲁行为的方式，作者提出这些方式的目的就是为了说明现在很多人都无视道路上的礼让行为。
46. 【答案】B
【考点】细节推断
【解析】可以从第三段学到什么?
第三段在说年轻人驾驶时更懂得礼让，但在当前这种恶劣的驾驶风气下，很难出淤泥而不染。因此选B项“年轻驾驶者很快会丧失礼让之举。”
【误项排除】A项“年轻驾驶者更具有攻击性”,C项“年长驾驶者更谨慎”，D项“年长驾驶者应该要提高驾驶技术”，这三项原文并没有提及。
47. 【答案】A
【考点】细节查找
【解析】哪一项是道路文明行为的例子?
最后一段首句写到，卡车司机担心小汽车超车费时长，不再开灯示意其他车辆。正规的驾驶行为要求，超车时要亮灯示意。因此选A项“打灯示意小汽车超车”。
【误项排除】B项“制造车距”和C项“选择较低档位”是道路不文明行为的表现。D项“使用方向指示灯”，文中指的是人们在占道行驶时才使用方向指示灯来示威。这是不文明的行为。
48. 【答案】B
【考点】细节查找
【解析】作者认为好司机应该是什么样子的?
文章最后一段写到，驾驶技术高低不是衡量标准，好心态，懂得礼让才是文明司机的标志。因此选B项“保持好的心态”。
【误项排除】A项“开车技术娴熟”，C项“要同情他人”，D项“照管好他的车”，都与文意不符合。
【参考译文】
你可以责怪交通拥堵、汽油价格高以及现代生活节奏快，但不能忽略驾驶行为变得越来越糟。每个人都知道再友善的人一旦坐在方向盘后面都会变得恐怖。可以使用虎牌汽油(优质汽油)，但要是在驾驶座上放个老虎一样性格的人可就是另外一回事了。你或许容忍得了奇怪的占道者，但当前守规矩的驾驶者实属罕见。或许这种情况需要一场“善待其他驾驶者”的宣传活动，否则的话这种局面就会完全失控。
道路礼仪不仅指得体的行为，还包括良好的意识。遇到不文明行为时，理智的谦让意识能够让大部分脾气温和的驾驶者控制住反击的想法。遇到礼貌之举予以友好的点头或挥手表示感谢，有利于创建友善包容的氛围，这对于当前的交通条件是非常必要的。但这种礼貌的感谢行为当今太少见了。现在许多驾驶者即使遇到也意识不到这种礼貌之举。
与大众观点相反，年轻的驾驶者要比年老驾驶者更懂礼貌。但这在当前的驾驶环境中只是一时的，因为许多驾驶者从不期待别人以礼相待，更不会在驾驶时表示谦让。这种行为在战场上是受推崇的，但在道路上是不合适的。
卡车司机说道路通畅时超车前不再发信号，因为超车费时过长，他们懒得换挡。轿车司机超车后又会慢慢悠悠地行驶，影响后来者通行。一本汽车杂志也谈到这个问题，最近越来越多的不保持车距的司机引起了人们的关注。“他们强行占道，把指示灯用作威胁而不是提醒的标志。”打群架是很常见的。用不了多久我们就会见到刀枪相见的道路了。
驾驶本质上是一种心态。驾驶者无论技术高低，如果总是傲慢无礼，那就不是一个高素质的驾驶者。
Passage Four
【文章介绍】
这是一篇说明文，文章开头提出主题：有机食品更有利于健康。然后从各方面介绍集约化生产的农产品的问题。最后说有机食品的益处。
49. 【答案】A
【考点】细节查找
【解析】第一段谈到有机食品是怎样的?
第一段写到有机食品是一种更好的替代物，因此选A项“被看作是一个更好的选择”。
【误项排除】B项“几乎是由世界有名的公司供应”,C项“在过去50多年里盛行”，D项“反应了生产实践的变化”，与文意不符合。
50. 【答案】C
【考点】细节查找
【解析】农场主使用人造化肥和杀虫剂的原因?
文章第二段写到，为满足全球市场的需求，农场主为增加产量不得不使用人造化肥和杀虫剂。因此选C项“获得更高的农作物产量”。
【误项排除】A项“满足人们剧增的需求”，农场主最主要最直接的原因是获得农作物产量，而最终的结果是满足人们增长的需求。B项“开发更好的农业技术”，文章没有提及。D项“让人们更健康”是有机食物的益处。
51. 【答案】B
【考点】细节推断
【解析】第三段中描述有机食品怎么样的?
第三段写到，有机食品的营养含量、矿物质含量以及维他命含量高出集约化生产的农作物50%。因此选B项“有更多的营养成分”。
【误项排除】A项“质量已经下降”，这指的是食物的质量，不是有机食物。C项“能够取代集约化生产的农作物”，文中没有涉及。D项“缺乏维他命C”，与原文相反，有机食物的维他命含量高。
52. 【答案】D
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 作者对肉类和家禽都讲了些什么?
倒数第二段写到，牲畜和家禽饲养过程中被强行灌入的抗生素和激素会残留在肉体中。因此选D项“他们可能含有抗生素和生长激素”。
【误项排除】A项“有机肉类和家禽很难获得”，B项“人们每年消费大量的肉”,C项“残杀动物降低了他们的质量”，这三项文章都没有提及。
53. 【答案】D
【考点】细节分析
【解析】 最后一段建议人们做什么?
最后一段写到，有机食品不仅对身体有好处，而且口感好。因此选D项“尝试有机食物更有利于健康且口感更好”。
【误项排除】A项“吃传统型的农产品和肉类”和B项“回到集约化生产的水果”与作者的建议相反。C项“对成本和可得性做一些研究”，文章最后一句指的是对于一些人来说，要买有机食物需要做这些准备工作，但整段的目的是让人们尝试有机食物。
54. 【答案】A
【考点】主旨归纳
【解析】 文章的主要内容?
文章一开头就提出论点：有机食品更健康。然后分段论述集约化生产的产品的问题，包括农药和人工化肥使用多、营养含量大不如前、牲畜和禽类饲养过程中摄入大量抗生素和激素。最后说，有机食品更健康、口感也更胜一筹。因此选A项“有机食物的益处”。
【误项排除】B项“世界食品产业面临的挑战”,C项“食物生产实践的变化”，D项“对高质量食品的需求增加”，都不能概括文章主旨。
【参考译文】
关于世界在过去50年来发生的变化问题，并不是所有的变化全是好的。搜索有机食品信息时，你会清楚地意识到有一种更好的选择，便开始对全球食品生产公司的原材料和制作过程横挑鼻子竖挑眼起来。
了解有机产品的目的在于让你了解食品构成。你会看到许多你以前不知道的有机食品的益处。对于有机食品你要了解这样一个基本事实：农场主要生产更多粮食来满足不断增加的需求，不得不使用人工化肥和杀虫剂控制病虫害侵袭。人工化肥中的有毒物质残留在蔬菜水果中，然后被人体吸收储存。
除此之外，食品质量近年来一直下滑。现在的水果中维他命C含量远远低于过去水平。然而，从有机产品的信息可以得知，有机产品的营养、矿物质和维他命含量比集约型种植的农产品高出50%。如果吃非有机食物的话，要使营养含量要达到过去水平，那么就需要增加摄入量才行。但这样会恶性循环，因为会摄取的更多对健康有害的化学物质，对你来说弊大于利。
了解有机食品时还要了解的肉类和家禽的生产。大部分人一说到有机食品，只会想到农产品本身，想不到牛和禽类饲养过程中强行喂入的抗生素和激素。想想屠宰牲畜时这些抗生素和激素会发生什么变化吧。抗生素和生长激素的残余物会遗留在肉体中，然后被人体吃掉、消化、储存起来。处于亚健康状态的动物根本不可能产出健康的食物供人类食用。
选择有机食品不会对我们有什么损失，不仅有益健康，而且还可以吃到绿色纯天然的农产品和肉类食品。你也会迷上有机水果的味道，以后不想再吃集约化生产的水果了。有机食品价格高、尚未大规模上市，这对于有些人来说是个大问题。你可以在网上查查，找找当地的商店，选择出价格适中的有机产品。
Passage Five
【文章介绍】
这是一篇议论文，文章开头引出话题：随着美国人口的增长，废水再利用变得越来越重要。然后介绍废水处理过的水安全性不比现有水供给方式差，而且美国很多地方的饮用水都是废水处理形成的。接着说，尽管废水利用非常普遍，但针对该问题的系统性研究非常有限。最后介绍废水利用的相关项目造价高，相关国家级标准有待出台。
55.【答案】A
【考点】细节查找
【解析】本题考的是从第一段可以得知有关饮用废水的情况?
第一段最后一句话写到，美国人口不断增长，废水利用变得越来越重要。因此选A项“将变得越来越必要了”。
【误项排除】B项“广为美国人所接受”,C项“引起公众激烈的争论”，D项“成为人们主要的选择”，这三项文章第一段都没有提及。
56.【答案】B
【考点】细节查找
【解析】 约格·德鲁斯赞同以下哪种说法?
文章第二段写到，约格·德鲁斯说，不利用全国的废水是一种浪费，因此选B项“废水再利用比浪费水要更可取”。
【误项排除】A项“废水再利用可能最终会让公众陷入风险”和C项“废水再利用不是解决水缺乏的方法”，与原文文意相反。D项“只有更先进的科技才能使废水再利用成为可能”，文中约格·德鲁斯只是谈及了相关的技术进步，并没有说先进的科技才能使废水再利用成为可能。
57.【答案】D
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 提到利文斯顿湖是为了向公众说明什么?
第三段首句已说明段落主题：很多美国人并不知道自己喝的饮用水是废水处理后转化过来的。后文以休斯顿地区举例，说明废水来龙去脉。因此选D项“没有意识到饮用水的本质”。
【误项排除】A项“冷静地接受了引用废水的事实”，文章第三段说明公众没有意识到饮用水是由废水经过处理而来的，因此不可能是冷静地接受。B项“关注于饮用水的安全性”和C项“不相信废水是可以安全饮用的”不是作者提及利文斯顿湖的目的。
58.【答案】D
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 阿兰·罗伯森的看法?
倒数第三段阿兰·罗伯森说，无论怎么处理废水，公众都会感觉不放心，因此要想研制出可饮用的水，需要花费更长的时间。因此选D项“公众还不能接受废水转化的饮用水”。
【误项排除】A项“饮用废水是不安全的”，这是人们担忧的问题，不是阿兰·罗伯森的看法。B项“报道让公众震惊”与原文相反。C项“报道有助于增强人们的信心”，文章没有提及。
59.【答案】B
【考点】细节推断
【解析】奥尔噶·内登科的话在强调什么?
文章倒数第二段提到，安全处理废水的技术确实存在，但造价很高。因此选B项“现存的问题”。
【误项排除】A项“目前的进步”，C项“新的观点”，D项“潜在风险”，都不是奥尔噶·内登科要强调的内容。
60.【答案】C
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 报告建议美国环保局做些什么?
文章尾段写到，美国环保局需要出台全国性的安全标准。因此选C项“对废水再利用建立全国性的标准”。
【误项排除】A项“权衡不同的节水选择”，B项“探索处理废水的新技术”，D项“以国家标准监督水供应”，这些都不是报告建议美国环保局做的事情。
【参考译文】
废水也可以饮用?这个想法听起来或许有点倒胃口，但联邦政府支持的一项新研究谈到，越来越多美国人都在知情或不知情的情况下，饮用废水转化而来的水。随着美国人口的增长，废水再利用显得越来越必要。
国家研究委员会的一项报告显示，和现有的水供给方式一样经过处理的废水，不会给健康带来更多的风险，在某些情况下，甚至有些处理过的废水饮用起来更加安全。“我们相信废水再利用是解决不断扩大的水资源稀缺问题的一种方式，特别是在沿海地区。”科罗拉多矿产学院的工程学教授约格·德鲁斯说。“将废水安全地处理后可以让公众放心地饮用。”他也谈及相关的技术进步。他说不利用全国的废水是一种浪费，因为几乎所有的废水在排放之前都是经过处理的，包括暴雨径流以及家庭、企业和工厂用过的水。
报告显示，许多地方的公众并不清楚他们的饮用水是废水从上游排放后经处理所得。例如，由达拉斯或福特茅斯排放到三一河的废水，向南流入利文斯通湖，成为休斯顿饮用水的来源地。
废水利用现在日益重要，但报告上说，针对该问题的系统性调查，自1980年以来，美国环保局(EPA)做过一项研究后就再没有全国范围内的系统性分析。美国水利工程协会的阿兰·罗伯森说，废水利用是很普遍的事，委员会报告中的内容很重要，但并不是什么新奇的事。罗伯森认为循环利用会不断发展，特别在灌溉和工业需要方面。他说，无论废水如何处理，公众都会感觉不安心，因此要想研发出适于饮用的水，要花上更多的时间。
“我们得做点事解决水资源稀缺的问题”，非盈利环境工作组的高级科学家奥尔噶·内登科说。“不到10%的可饮用水用作饮用、烹饪、淋雨或洗碗。我们用它来冲厕所。”有可供使用的技术可以安全地处理废水，她说，但这些技术造价高昂。
报告上说，水资源再利用项目的成本往往高出大多数水资源保护项目，但低于海水脱盐等水供给方式。这要求EAP出台确保安全的全国性标准。
Part IV Cloze
【文章介绍】
这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕人的味觉的变化来展开论述。作者首先介绍了孩子天生偏爱甜食的原因;接着阐述了人的味觉会随着年龄的变化而改变，最后指出嗅觉也能帮助人们辨别食物味道。
61. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】根据前面所述，芽甘蓝很苦，孩子们通常都不喜欢苦味，再根据此句的转折词but可以推知这不是孩子的错，因此A项fault：错误，缺点，为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项choice：选择，C项habit：习惯，习性，和D项regret：遗憾，后悔，都与文意不符合。
62. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】根据此句句意，研究人员发现，不喜欢苦味和酸味是一种生存本能的表现，因为许多有毒物质都是那样的。再根据常识，东西的味道是品尝出来的。据此可以推知D项taste：尝起来，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项feel：感觉，B项look：看，看起来，和C项sound：听，听起来，都与文意不符合。
63. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和形容词词义辨析。
【解析】根据文意可知，这里是对比了把有毒食物和甜味食物，而许多的有毒食物都是苦酸味的，因此甜味意味着东西是安全的，可以吃的，据此可以推知C项safe：安全的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项strange：奇怪的，陌生的，B项necessary：必要的，和D项ready：准备好的，都与文意不符合。
64. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】整个段落所说，孩子们不喜欢苦味，而甜又意味着东西是安全的，可以吃的，因此可以推断孩子们偏爱甜食，所以选B项preference：偏爱，爱好，。
【误项排除】A项capacity：能力，容量，C项awareness：意识，察觉，和D项consideration：考虑，都与文意不符合。
65. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和逻辑关系。
【解析】根据此句句意，随着年龄的增长，我们认识到有些东西尝起来有些苦或酸，但不会杀了我们，可以推迟前后为转折语义关系，因此D项even though：虽然，即使，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项now that：既然，由于，B项in case：以防，和C项if only：只要，要是，都与文意不符合。
66. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】根据前文所述，有些东西苦或酸的东西并不会致我们于死地，因此我们要学着享受他们，所以A项enjoy：享受，欣赏，为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项improve：提高，改善，C项treat：对待，治疗，和D项alter：改变，都与文意不符合。
67. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】此句句意所说，当我们老了时，我们的某些嗅觉灵敏度会怎么样。根据常识可知，人的感官灵敏度会随着年龄的增长而所有下降。因此B项lose：失去，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项form：形成，构成，C项reduce：减少，降低，和D项gain：获得，得到，都与文意不符合。
68. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】前文已说人的嗅觉灵敏度会随着年龄的增加而下降，且所填词后面所说的是能加重味道。因此根据常识可以推知这是在食物里添加糖和盐，add…to：加入，加到，。所以C项add：添加，增加，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项put：放，放置，B项balance：平衡，和D项limit：限制，都与文意不符合。
69. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和短语辨析。
【解析】根据所填词后面所述，一个理论阐述了近年来许多：重口味酒获很多奖的原因是酒评论家的年龄越来越大，喜欢寻找口味重的酒。这也就更进一步说明了前文所讲的随着年龄的增加，感官也在退化的观点，因此C项in fact：事实上，实际上，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项in essence：本质上，B项in conclusion：最后，总之，和D项in short：简而言之，都与文意不符合。
70. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和形容词词义辨析。
【解析】根据前面所述，随着年龄增大，口味也会加重，所以评酒师会选择口味更重的酒，因此D项harder：更难的，更重的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项softer：较柔软的，B项nicer：良好的，和C项worse：更坏的;更差的，都与文意不符合。
71. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和形容词词义辨析。
【解析】根据此句的最后所述，这是由舌头受伤或大脑受损引起的，结合所填词后的detect flavor at all。可以推知，此处指的是人不能察觉味道。且此句后面有at all短语，一般与not连用，再结合句意，B项unable：不能的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项unlikely：未必的，不太可能的，C项impossible：不可能的，和D项improbable：不大可能的，都与文意不符合。
72. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】根据句意，这里指的是他可能是味蕾失调，所以A项disorder：失调，混乱，为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项symptom：症状，征兆，C项therapy：治疗，疗法，和D项illusion：错觉，幻觉，都与文意不符合。
73. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】根据文章所述，一个人不能发觉味道，可能是舌头受伤或大脑受损引的，否则可能是嗅觉问题，因此D项smell：嗅觉，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项mood：心情，情绪，B项taste：品尝，和C项flavor：味道，风味，都与文意不符合。
74. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和短语辨析。
【解析】根据此句句意，分离嘴和鼻子的通道使得我们可以闻到鼻子后面的东西，并且能享受大部分复杂的味道。此处是要突出味觉的重要性，因此C项crucial for：对……至关重要的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项subject to：使服从，使遭受，B项liable to：易于，和D项beneficial for：对……有益的，都与文意不符合。
75. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和形容词词义辨析。
【解析】此句说的是，当我们鼻塞时，食物闻起来会怎样。根据常识可知，鼻子堵塞，我们闻不到香味，所以食物看着没味道。因此B项flavorless：无滋味的，无味的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项delicious：美味的，C项bitter：苦的，和D项smelly：有臭味的，发臭的，都与文意不符合。
【参考译文】
孩子们为什么讨厌芽甘蓝?因为它们有苦味，而且孩子们通常都不喜欢苦味。但这不是他们的错。研究人员发现，不喜欢苦味和酸味是一种生存本能的表现，因为许多有毒物质都是那样的。然而，甜味通常说明这些东西是安全且可食的，因此孩子们天生偏爱甜食。
我们喜欢吃的东西会随着时间的推移而改变。随着年龄的增长，我们会发现有些味苦的或酸的东西并不会致我们于死地，因而我们要学着享受它。当我们老了时，我们的嗅觉灵敏度会有所下降。人类需要味觉来体会味道，这与品尝是不一样的。随着我们感官的退化，我们可能开始往食物里添加糖和盐，以加重味道。实际上，有这么一个理论，近年来特别是很多重口味酒获奖的原因就是酒评论家的年龄越来越大，很难品味出略淡的酒的味道。
如果一个人无法感觉到味道，他可能是味蕾失调，这是由舌头受伤或大脑受损引起的。或者可能是嗅觉的问题。分离嘴和鼻子的通道使得我们可以闻到鼻子后面的味道，并且对享受许多复杂的味道至关重要。这就是为什么当我们鼻塞时，食物吃起来没滋没味的——除了鸡肉面汤，它是咸的。
Paper Two 试卷二
Part I Translation
Section A
【参考译文】
互联网在很多方面对社会产生了积极影响：它不仅改进了沟通，而且简化了任务的处理。互联网提供了极大的便捷：加速了事务处理进度，提供了更多选择，让我们可以腾出时间做其他事。然而，有趣地是，互联网在某些方面也带来了消极影响：沟通效果打了折扣;人们变得很急躁,因为他们习惯了即时沟通的快感，而且使用互联网也很耗时。
Section B
【参考译文】
People pay homage to Steve Jobs after he has passed away. One of the reasons is that he has created the aesthetic perception for scientific and technological products. No matter cars or computers, according to Steve Jobs, consumers are willing to buy those products which look more beautiful than their counterparts. With the leadership of Steve Jobs, Apple has brought about the unrivaled experience and beautified people’s daily lives in the respects such as the appearance and materials of products and the feeling of usage.
Part II Writing
参考范文
My Favorite Way of Keeping Fit
Nowadays, more and more people care about their own health. To keep healthy, most of them work out many different ways to do exercise. So far as I know, young people would like to go to gym, because going to gym is really a fashionable matter for young men and women. That's why gym is becoming more and more popular among teenagers.
However, old people less usually go to gym for they have no more strong body. They tend to dance on the square after dinner. There's one thing. That sounds really interesting. I have an old neighbor. Each morning, he gets up early and leaves very far away home to get water by feet. In fact, his house has tap water. That means it’s not fully necessary to get water outside. You see, this is the way some old people do exercise.
But for me, I am always busy all day. Therefore, I prefer to do press-ups to keep fit even though I still think it’s really cool to go to gym doing exercise. By this way, I can save much time to read English texts in fresh air of morning before work. I have no good habits unless you call both doing press-ups and reading English in morning good habits. Finally, I am pretty sure in doing exercise, people not just get good body- and good mood-condition, as well as reduce their pressure from work. Thus, what kinds of exercise you are doing or going to do is not important. What’s really important is ‘just do it’!
