题数：77题
2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题
Paper one 试卷一
Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. A: David said he bought a new BMW for $5,000!
B: _______________. Sounds pretty cheap to me!
A: Well, that’s what he said.
A. Are you sure? B. Come to think of it.
C .Do you think so? D. Is he crazy?
2. A: We just came back from Phoenix. And we had the best vacation in years.
B: _________________ I’m glad to hear it.
A. Oh, my goodness!
B. How was it?
C. Oh, there you go again.
D. Good for you.
3. A: I just can’t stand this class anymore!
B: _________________. It’s required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate.
A. Well, why not just drop out of it?
B. Why, you can say that again!
C .Well, you might as well get used to it.
D .Why, I couldn’t agree more!
4. A: I don’t know about you, but I thought that film was terrific.
B:_________________ The action was great, and so was the music.
A . Just the same. B. I’m with you there.
C . More or less. D. I sure do.
5. A: Dan gave me a free ride home, but I paid for the gas.
B: You know what they say,_________________.
A. there’s no free lunch
B. don’t bite off more than you can chew
C. one good turn deserves another
D. it’s who you know that counts
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
6. Woman: I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.
Man: Come on. I think you need to let off some steam.
Question: What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. To talk to him about the problem. B. To keep the secret.
C. To reduce the workload. D. To have a good rest.
7. Woman: Julie’s dress looks funny. That style went out last year.
Man: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her.
Question: What does the man try to emphasize?
A. Julie’s dress is not outdated.
B. Julie’s dress does not suit her.
C. Julie should follow the fashion.
D. Julie looks fine in that dress.
8. Man: What kind of snacks do you prefer?
Woman: Oh, I’ve got a sweet tooth, you know.
Question: What does the woman probably like?
A. Sandwich. B. Hot dogs. C. Ice cream. D. Potato chips.
9. Woman: I’m tired of driving all the way to work and back every day. If only cars could drive themselves!
Man: Well, some car manufacturers are working on them. I guess you’ll soon buy one if you can afford it.
Question: What does the man imply?
A .The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car.
B. Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive.
C. He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars.
D. Driving to work is really a headache.
10. Man: Annie, how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future with someone?
Woman: It’s simple. I don’t mind being married to my career.
Question: What’s Annie’s attitude towards her future?
A. She will stay with someone unmarried.
B. She will live a simple life.
C. She will quit her job to get married.
D. She will fully focus on her job.
Part II Vocabulary (20minutes, 10points, 0.5 for each)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
11. The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the events.
A. neglected B. foresaw C. explored D. assessed
12. Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected child abuse to authorities.
A. reminded B. expected C. compelled D. requested
13. Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.
A. creativity B. popularity C. feasibility D. flexibility
14. We suspect there is a quire deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine the electoral commission.
A. conscious B. desperate C. clumsy D. intentional
15. So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have been a party to them.
A. just B. hardly C. almost D. definitely
16. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus forming dirty fog.
A. constrained B. caught C. concealed D. concentrated
17. Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.
A. poisonous B. difficult C. dangerous D. harmful
18. Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with sales reaching in the neighborhood of $9 billion.
A. precisely B. merely C .substantially D. approximately
19. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation.
A. factor B. constituent C. barrier D. break
20. Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him.
A. count on B. benefit from C. stand for D. stick to
Section B
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21. It _________without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.
A. takes B. appears C. makes D. goes
22. The world economic recession put an_________end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002.
A. irregular B. illegal C. abrupt D. absurd
23. I’m_________ about how you discovered my website, and I am very glad if you enjoy it.
A. mysterious B. furious C. serious D. curious
24. The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, based on an _________ with other smaller parties, has proved successful.
A. acquaintance B. integration C. alliance D. intimacy
25. The new aircraft will be _________ to a test of temperatures of -65℃ and 120℃.
A. suspended B. suppressed C. summoned D. subjected
26. The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful _________ to my ordinary income.
A. profit B. supplement C. subsidy D. replacement
27. Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining _________ of tooth decay.
A. treatment B. incidence C. consequence D. misfortune
28. Many countries have conversation programs to prevent certain _________ of fish from becoming extinct.
A. species B. sources C. numbers D. members
29. Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by _________useful tips from TV cookery programs.
A. picking up B. bringing up C. putting up D. pulling up
30. The President _________ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.
A. promoted B. substituted C. authorized D. displaced
Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points , 1 for each)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus”—a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.
Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs- and finding new ways to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.
Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.
Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.
There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win- but if too many of their parents decide to drive then instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent- driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.
31. The “walking school bus”_________.
A. does not consume fuel
B. aims to keep children fit
C. seldom causes traffic jams
D. is popular with school kids
32. In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with _________.
A. individual schools B. school districts C. teachers D. parents
33. As regards walking to school, modern parents seem much concerned with the_________.
A. time spent on the way
B. changes in the route
C. kids’ physical strength
D. safety of their children
34. To save money, some schools choose to _________.
A. take the shortest routes
B. shorten the school week
C. give drives better training
D. use fuel-efficient buses
35. Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to_________.
A. fiercer competition among bus companies
B. more students taking public transportation
C. an increase in carbon dioxide emissions
D. a decrease in the safety of school buses
36. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards busing cutbacks?
A. Favorable. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Indifferent.
Passage Two
People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expect to live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity(长寿)of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then―the gap is growing.
A number of reasons have been proposed to accounts for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).
Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.
One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.
Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.
Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages(流产). In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.
37. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.
B. Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.
C. The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.
D. The age gap was noticed only recently.
38. As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are_________.
A. diseases and road accidents
B. industrialization and work strains
C. their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol
D. their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure
39. According to Paragraph3, which of the following statements is true?
A. The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.
B. The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.
C. Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.
D. Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.
40. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?
A. Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions.
B. Though more liable to illnesses, women still live longer.
C. Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.
D. Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.
41. The word “edge” in Paragraph 6 means “_________”.
A. margin B. side C. advantage D. quality
42. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.
B. That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.
C. People are living longer as a result of industrialization.
D. Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.
Passage Three
Many are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature.
Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology, energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes, buildings and industrial plants.
Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (传感器) networks by making them difficult and expensive to install and maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.
The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environments. To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, GreenPeak has developed an ultra-low-power communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.
Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, will enable us to better control our lives, homes and environments, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer, and cleaner environment.
43. By “human intervention” (Paragraph 2), the author refers to _________.
A. the reduction of great energy waste in the environment
B. the grasping of straightforward opportunities available
C. acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room
D. the adoption of smart sensing and network technology
44. Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they _________.
A. have to be replaced from time to time
B. contain metals that pollute the environment
C. require automatic recharging
D. are difficult and costly to maintain
45. Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that _________ .
A. there is energy in the environment to be utilized
B. the cost of using them has been drastically reduced
C. modern data communication consumes little energy
D. their maintenance has been greatly simplified
46. According to the passage, GreenPeak _________.
A. is the first company to install wireless sensor networks
B. promotes the application of wireless sensor networks
C. supplies batteries operating on harvested energy
D. benefits handsomely from communication technology
47. The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the _________.
A. replacement of batteries in harvesters
B. monitoring of energy harvested from the environment
C. elimination of batteries in sensor networks
D. impact of sensor networks on power supply
48. Wireless sensor networks promise to _________.
A. bring businesses high profits
B. further develop the sensing technology
C. turn motion into a major source of energy
D. improve the daily lives of people worldwide
Passage Four
If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about the new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have more likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事) and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
49. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that _________.
A. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings
B. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months
C. one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid them
D. the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago
50. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year _________.
A. drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highway
B. more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk driving
C. two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive driving
D. 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving
51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?
A. Increasing number of cars
B. Drivers’ stress and anxiety
C. Overcrowded roads
D. Rush hour traffic
52. The word “spell” in Paragraph 3 means “_________”.
A. speak B. cause C. describe D. spare
53. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?
A. Talking while driving.
B. Driving fast.
C. Yelling at another driver.
D. Sounding the horn when passing.
54. The last paragraph is intended to _________.
A. tell people how to cope with Road Rage
B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be
C. tell people how to control themselves when angry
D. warn people against eye contact with another driver
Passage Five
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the “Clever Hans” effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searches for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.
Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search areas might contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any “detections” made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts stuck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying “wolf” at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously “profiled” people being sniffed by a drug, or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positive could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.
55. What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?
A. He was as clever as people claimed.
B. He was really good at counting.
C. He could understand human language.
D. He merely responded to human signals.
56. Lisa Lit and her colleagues _________.
A. questioned the “Clever Hans” effect
B. discovered the “Clever Hans” effect
C. confirmed the “Clever Hans” effect
D. rejected the “Clever Hans” effect
57. The dog handlers learned before the searches that _________.
A. each search area contained three target scents
B .there was actually no target scent in the search area
C. some target scents may be labeled with a special mark
D. their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paper
58. What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr. Lit?
A. The location of the false alerts
B. The regularity of the false alerts
C. The number of the false alerts
D. The timing of the false alerts
59. It can be concluded from the experiment that_________.
A. dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogs
B. dogs may act in response to their handlers’ bodily signals
C. the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is the key to success
D. well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers’ signals
60. The author thinks that Dr. Lit’s findings _________.
A. should raise our concern in real life
B. may not be useful in real situations
C. should be backed up by further evidence
D. will be widely applied in the near future
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)
Directions: in this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A. B. C. and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, 61 those species that are endangered. 62 , many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment. Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational 63 that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations. 64 the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities, the struggle to obtain 65 operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.
Many 66 zoos in American cities have undergone renovation (翻新) during the last decades of the twentieth century. Among the recent trends in zoo 67 is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats (栖息地). The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors 68 appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals. Such renovations may 69 stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally.
Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs. A captive propagation program includes the breeding of 70 zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring, usually for release to 71 or for transfer to other zoos. Captive breeding is one method of 72 some species from extinction.
Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also, with education departments that develop programs 73 zoo exhibits. Public activities include in-school programs, zoo tours, special events, and websites. The Zoological Society of New York, for example, conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd 74 it moved throughout its range.
The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing. Through their efforts 75 conservation, education, and environmental advocacy, zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world.
61. A. superficially B. especially C. importantly D. supposedly
62 .A. By that time B. By the time C. At one time D. At that time
63. A. institutions B. associations C .foundations D. corporation
64. A. Along B. Forward C. Among D. Through
65. A. limited B. professional C. sufficient D. excessive
66. A. newer B. older C. former D. later
67. A. management B. improvement C. achievement D. assessment
68. A. under B. for C .into D. with
69. A. reduce B. cause C. increase D. avoid
70. A. selected B. sustained C. promising D. surviving
71. A. natural B. the natural C. wild D. the wild
72. A. restraining B. saving C. sheltering D. exempting
73. A. attributed to B. opposed to C. referred to D .related to
74. A. as B. as if C. so D. so that
75. A. in search of B. in honor of C. in support of D. in charge of
Paper Two 试卷二
Part I Translation ( 30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each)
Section A
Over the years, we tend to think that unclear technologies and the necessary know how to ensure nuclear safety have been developed to a level that possibilities for any major nuclear accidents are almost non-existent and if it does happen, it will be controlled in the capable hands of nuclear engineers. However, reality has proved again that you just can’t be too careful to handle nuclear energy. We don’t know for sure yet what will be left behind Japan’s nuclear crisis, but it will be certain that it is time to reexamine our nuclear practices and many more efforts need to be made to ensure nuclear safety in the future.
Section B
中国有着五千年的文化传统，历经劫波而生生不息，我们一定要充分发扬祖国的文化传统。同时我们也懂得，要学习和借鉴世界先进的文明。只有这样，才能使祖国的文化得到进一步发展，也就是我常说的，只有开放包容，才能使祖国强大。
Part II Writing
Directions: In this part, you are to write 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of How to Handle Stress. The clues given below are for your reference only, NOT the outline you should follow. Please remember to write your composition clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.
1. Common sources of stress.
2. Healthy ways to reduce stress.
3. How you have overcome stressful situations.
________________________________________________
参考答案
Paper One 试卷一
Part I Dialogue Communication
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
Part II Vocabulary
Section A
11. 【答案】A
【解析】句中词overlook忽略，忽视。
A. neglect忽略，不予重视 B. foresee预知，预见
C. explore勘察，探究 D. assess估价，评估
【译文】这些新闻报道完全忽视了这些事件中更深远的政治影响。
12. 【答案】D
【解析】句中词oblige要求，迫使。
A. remind使想起，提醒 B. expect期望，预期
C. compel迫使，强迫 D. request要求
【译文】与孩子们打交道的教师和护士有责任向当局上报可疑虐童事件。
13. 【答案】A
【解析】句中词originality创新，独创性。
A. creativity创造力，创造性 B. popularity流行，普遍
C. feasibility可行性 D. flexibility柔韧性，灵活性
【译文】你的所得分数很大程度上会取决于观念是否具有独创性。
14. 【答案】D
【解析】句中词deliberate蓄意的，故意的。
A. conscious有意识的，意识到的 B. desperate不顾一切的，绝望的
C. clumsy笨拙的，愚笨的 D. intentional有意的，故意的
【译文】我们怀疑有人确实蓄意破坏选举，削弱选举委员会。
15. 【答案】B
【解析】句中词scarcely几乎不，几乎没有。
A. just仅仅，只有 B. hardly几乎不
C. almost几乎，差不多 D. definitely明确地，确切地
【译文】当时我经历的情况十分奇怪，我几乎不能相信自己曾经亲身经历过。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】句中词trap陷入，困住。
A. constrain强迫，约束 B. catch逮住，抓住
C. conceal隐藏，遮住 D. concentrate集中，专心于
【译文】烟粒和其他空气污染物通常困于大气中，从而形成脏的烟雾。
17. 【答案】C
【解析】句中词hazardous有危险的。
A. poisonous有毒的 B. difficult困难的
C. dangerous 危险的 D. harmful有害的
【译文】化工厂的员工从事危险的工作，因此他们有权享受额外奖励。
18. 【答案】D
【解析】句中词in the neighborhood of将近，大约。
A. precisely精确地，恰好 B. merely 仅仅，只不过
C. substantially本质上，相当多地 D. approximately近似地，大约
【译文】柯特·卡尔森是明尼苏达州最富有的人。他拥有一家旅馆和一家旅游公司，销售额接近90亿美元。
19. 【答案】 C
【解析】句中词obstacle障碍，阻碍。
A. factor要素，因素 B. constituent成分
C. barrier 障碍，障碍物 D. break破损，破裂
【译文】人体有排斥外来物质的倾向，这严重妨碍了进行成功的器官移植。
20. 【答案】A
【解析】句中词lean on依靠，依赖。
A. count on依靠，指望 B. benefit from得益于，从…中获益
C. stand for象征，代表 D. stick to遵守，坚持
【译文】不论何时，只要你需要汤姆，他总会随叫随到，倾听你的心声，或给予你帮助。因此你总是可以依赖他。
Section B
21. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配：go without saying不言而喻，无庸置疑。A、B、C三项都无法与题干中的词形成正确搭配。
【译文】很显然，如果价格降低，消费者会更加高兴。
22. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是形义各不相同的形容词辨析理解与运用。
A. irregular不规则的，不定期的 B. illegal不合法的，非法的
C. abrupt突然的，意外的 D. absurd荒谬的，荒唐的
【译文】2002年钢材市场开始复苏，但由于世界经济的衰退，这种趋势突然间停止了。
23. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是-ious结尾的近形词辨析。
A. mysterious神秘的，难以理解的 B. furious狂怒的
C. serious严肃的，认真的 D. curious好奇的
根据所填词后面提到的glad和enjoy，可以推导出D符合句意。
【译文】我很好奇你是怎么发现我的网站的。如果你喜欢的话，我很高兴。
24. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是与介词with搭配使用的近义词辨析。
A. acquaintance熟知，了解 B. integration结合，一体化
C. alliance联盟，结盟 D. intimacy亲密，亲近
【译文】与其它小党派之间联盟是英国工党选举策略的基础。实践证明这一策略是成功的。
25. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是以su-开头的近形词辨析与运用。
A. suspend延缓，暂停 B. suppress镇压，抑制
C. summon传唤，召集 D. subject使经受，使遭受(常与to连用)
【译文】新型飞机将要在零下65°C和零上120°C的温度下进行测试。
26. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是形义各不相同的名词辨析理解与运用。
A. profit 利润，益处 B. supplement补充，增补(物)
C. subsidy津贴，补贴 D. replacement替换，代替
根据所填词后面的to以及题干中钱和工资之间的关系可以推知B项符合题意。
【译文】我兼职当老师所挣得的钱对贴补正常收入很有帮助。
27. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是形义各不相同的名词辨析理解与运用。
A. treatment处理，治疗 B. incidence发生率
C. consequence结果，后果 D. misfortune不幸，厄运
【译文】如今，中国人长蛀牙的概率降低，牙齿比以前更加健康。
28.【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是形义各不相同的名词辨析理解与运用。
A. species种类 B. source来源，资源
C. number数字，数量 D. member成员
根据句中的conservation和所填词后面的fish以及extinct可以推知A符合题意。
【译文】很多国家都有保护项目以防止某些鱼类灭绝。
25. 【答案】 A
【解析】本题考查的是与up连用的动词短语辨析。
A. pick up习得，学会 B. bring up教育，提出
C. put up举起，建立，张贴 D. pull up向上拉，拔起，停止
根据题干中的take courses和from TV programs可以推知选A。
【译文】苏珊从来没有上过烹饪课;她通过收看电视上的烹饪节目学会了有用的烹饪技巧。
26. 【答案】 C
【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析理解与运用。
A. promote提升，晋升 B. substitute代替，替补
C. authorize委托，授权 D. displace取代，替换
根据题干中president和deputy之间的关系以及词组to act for somebody可以推知选C。
【巧记】author是作者，ize是动词后缀，作者所授权的才能出版。
【译文】总统授权其副手在他进行出国期间行使他的职权。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【文章介绍】
这是一篇议论文，本文介绍了美国许多校区为了减少校车的开支而取消校车带来的利与弊展开论述。文章指出，因燃油价格上涨造成学校部门经费紧张，为了减少校车的开支，学校减少了校车数量，这使得一部分孩子们只能步行上学，还采取了减少停站数和减少每周上课的天数等措施，最后作者指出取消校车这方法虽好，但同时也产生了一系列问题，如接送孩子的私家车增多、增加了碳排放量以及交通安全等问题。
27. 【答案】A
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 “步行校车”有什么特征?
根据题干直接定位到文章第一段的最后一句：…a “walking school bus”—a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together. “步行校车是指一群孩子在一两个大人的监督下步行去上学。”由此我们可以推断出A项“不会消耗燃料”为正确选项，即“步行校车”不会消耗燃料。
【误项排除】B项“目的是为了保持孩子们身体健康”和C项“很少造成交通堵塞”文中都未提及。D项“在学生中很流行”文中也未提及，相反，文章结尾却提到一些学生抱怨步行上学路途太远，故不选。
28. 【答案】B
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 在美国谁有义务用校车送学生上下学?
根据文章第二段第二句：For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. “对于典型的美国校区来说，校车的花费占总预算的5%。”可知，学校在校车上每年都要有一定额度的预算，由此可以推断出在美国学校负责指派校车接送孩子上下学。所以B项“学校行政”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“单个学校”不正确，文中未提及每个学校应单独负责接送本校学生上下学，而是同一学区的各所学校作为一个整体有相应的组织管理义务;C项“老师”文中未提及;D项“家长”虽然在文中提及过，但他们是在部分校车线路取消后自发步行或开私家车送孩子上下学，因此都不正确。
29. 【答案】D
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 对于孩子们步行上学，最让现代家长担心的是什么?
根据题干的modern parents直接定位到文章第三段第二句：Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying…，“现代父母一直以来不愿意让孩子们步行上学是因为担心交通事故、犯罪和恐吓会给孩子们带来危险。”。据此可知，D项“孩子们的安全”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“花在路上的时间”和C项“孩子们的体力”文中均未提及，B项“路线有所改变”不是家长们最担心的问题。
30. 【答案】B
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 为了节省开支，一些学校都采取了哪些措施?
根据题干定位到文章第四段第一二句：“学校和校车公司正在寻找其它方式来节约开支。在那些必须要有校车的农村地区，一些学校甚至已经选择实行一周上四天课的制度了。” 因此可以推断出B项“减少每周上课天数”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“选择最短的路线”不正确，文中第四段最后一句说公交公司利用电脑软件选择最节油的线路，而这些线路有时并不是最短线路。C项“对司机加强培训”不正确，文中说公交公司只是告诉司机要取消多余沿路停靠站，汽车空转时要关闭引擎，并没有提及对司机进行培训。D项“使用节油校车”不正确，文中说公交公司选择的是最节油的线路，而非节油的校车。
35.【答案】C
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 减少校车通勤最终导致的结果?
由题干busing cutback定位到最后一段，根据内容可知，减少校车有可能造成不利影响。如果每一位曾经乘校车上学的学生开始步行，这对环境会大有好处—但如果有太多的家长决定开车送孩子上学，碳足迹(碳排放量)总量就会增加。因此C项“二氧化碳排放量增加”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“公交公司之间竞争更加激烈”文中未提及。B项“更多的学生乘坐公共交通”不正确，文中只说学生可能步行上学，也可能有更多的学生由家长开私家车接送;D项“校车的安全系数降低”与原文相悖，文中倒数第二句说明校车体积大，发生事故几率更小，出事后承受能力更强，学生乘坐校车更安全。
36.【答案】C
【考点】态度语气
【解析】 作者对减少校车通勤的态度?
根据文中最后一段所说，减少校车通勤一方面会使得学生们开始步行上学，这对环境大有好处，另一方面也有可能导致碳排放量增加，学生乘坐私家车上学安全系数不如校车，由此可以看出，作者全面指出减少公交通勤有可能产生的有利与不利影响，因此C项“客观的”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“赞许的”不正确，文中指出了减少校车通勤有可能造成的不利影响;B项“批评的”不正确，文中也提到了这一措施的有利影响;D项“漠不关心的”不正确，从通篇来看，作者十分关心减少校车通勤这一问题。
【参考译文】
直到去年春天，尼娅·帕克和社区内的其他小孩上下学一直都乘坐59路校车。由于油价飞涨，该学区需要找到降低交通成本的方法。因此，校车公司重新规划了行车路线，取消了尼娅乘坐的校车。现在尼娅和邻居要靠“步行校车”走半英里的路到学校上课。“步行校车”是指一群孩子在一个或两个大人的监督下一同步行去上学。
和我们一样，油价上涨也让学区感到不安，不得不寻求新适应方式。过去两年，柴油价格上涨了34%。对于典型的美国校区来说，校车的花费占总预算的5%。管理者想削减支出时，喜欢在校车上下手，因为这不会对课堂教学或考试成绩有任何影响。为了保证预算不超支，美国超过三分之一的校园管理者选择撤除校车站或行车路线。
很多家长很高兴看到孩子步行上学，部分原因是他们当年就是这样做的：1969年一项调查显示，当时将近50%的学生步行或骑车上学，而在2001年这个数字只有16%。现在的父母由于担心路况、犯罪或痞子出没，一直不愿意让孩子走路上学;但现在有了大人有组织地监管，这些担心就减少了。
学校和校车公司正在寻找节约开支的其它方式。农村地区校车是必备的，有些学校甚至选择一周上学四天的制度。校车公司规定司机多撤销几个路线中的额外车站，空车时关掉发动机。他们还利用计算机软件计算出最节省汽油的路线，但这些路线往往都不是最短的。
然而，减少校车也有可能造成不利影响。如果过去乘校车的学生开始步行上学，这大大有利于环保;但如果太多学生的家长选择开车送学生的话，碳排放总量就会增加。家长开车取代校车接送学生还会提高安全风险。2002年的报告得出结论：学生乘坐校车的安全性比乘坐轿车高13倍，因为巴士发生交通事故的机会更少，体积大可以更好地抵御意外发生。有些学生特别是上学要翻山越岭的那些人，抱怨早上的路途太漫长。
Passage Two
【文章介绍】
这是一篇说明文，本文围绕男女寿命差异问题及各种解释分析展开论述。作者首先指出人类所认知的男女寿命差异以及女人比男人长寿的事实。接着对其原因做出了各种分析和解释。接着作者又指出了虽然女性在生活各个方面有所改变，但女人的寿命还是比男人长。最后指出一些研究人员认为男女寿命差异是因为男人易受情感影响及生物学遗传因素所导致的。
31. 【答案】C
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 根据前两段内容可以推断给出的四个选项中哪一项是符合文意的?
根据第一段最后一句：It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then—the gap is growing. 和第二段第二句：The gap is greatest in industrialized societies. 可以得知社会越先进，男女寿命差距就越大。因此C项为正 确答案。
【误项排除】A项“男性的寿命长短几乎没有变化”不正确，文中第一句话提出人类的命延长了，男性的寿命也会相应地延长，而不是不变;B项“研究人员已经发现产生男女寿命差距的原因”不正确，第一段第三句指出，两者寿命差距确实很大，但人们并不知道这种寿命差距产生的原因;D项“男女寿命差距只是最近才被人们发现”不正确，第一段第四句指出，几个世纪以来，人们已经意识到女性更长寿这一事实。
38. 【答案】D
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 第二段中提到的导致女性寿命更长的两个因素是什么?
根据文章第二段内容可知，女性更不易受工作负担的影响，而工作负担会增加心脏病和酗酒的危险。社会学家指出，女性要比男性更少地被鼓励去冒险(因此她们开车更小心，发生交通事故的可能性更小)。据此可知，D项“她们对工作负担的忍耐和不愿冒险”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“疾病和交通事故”和B项“工业化和工作负担”不正确，两个选项都是缩短女性寿命的因素;C项“她们对心脏病的免疫能力和拒绝喝酒”不正确，这一项其实只是文中所说的其中一个因素。
39. 【答案】D
【考点】正误判断
【解析】 根据第三段的内容判断四个选项中哪一项是正确的?
根据文章第三段内容可知，人们甚至用吸烟来看待男女寿命差别问题。曾经有人指出，职业妇女很有可能会吸烟。随着更多的女性进人职场，由于吸烟会导致早逝，男女的寿命差距会逐渐缩小。而事实上，现在我们看到更多的女性吸烟，尽管女性得肺癌比率正快速上升，但她们的寿命仍比男性长。据此可知，D项“吸烟并不影响女性的长寿”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“大量男性吸烟导致男女寿命差距”不正确，文中说虽然女性吸烟，但并没有影响长寿，所以男性吸烟并不是短寿的原因。B项“越来越多的女性吸烟会缩小男女寿命差距”不正确，文中指出事实上尽管女性吸烟人数增加，但她们的寿命仍比男性长。C项“女性员工比男性员工更有可能抽烟”不正确，文中只说更多的妇女步人职场，抽烟女性的人数可能会增加，但并没有说职业女性比男性抽烟的可能性更大，而且文章第二段指出，男性由于工作压力大，很可能会吸烟。
40. 【答案】B
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 哪一方面仍然困扰着研究人员?
根据题干中出现的关键词“puzzled”可以定位到第四段，该段中说女性看上去并不如男性那样健康，得病更频繁。但尽管如此，女性的寿命还是比男性长。据此可知，B项“尽管女性更易患病，她们还是活得比男性长 ”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“男性的健康状况与情绪联系更紧密”不正确，这是第五段中一些研究人员通过实验得出的结论。C项“男性生病后的症状比女性严重”不正确，文中确实提到男性一旦患病，病情就会很严重，但这是男性寿命短的原因，女性易患病而寿命长才是困扰研究人员的问题。D项“很多男性退休后马上就去世了”不正确，这是用来证明下一段男性的健康状况与情绪联系更紧密的例子。
41. 【答案】C
【考点】词语含义
【解析】 第六段中出现的单词edge的意思是什么?
第六段说几乎所有的哺乳动物物种的雌性在长寿方面都拥有edge。结合全文内容可知，这里的edge含有“优势”之意。因此C项“有利条件”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“页边空白，盈余”，B项“侧面，一方”和D项“质量，品质”都与文中意思不符，故不选。
42. 【答案】A
【考点】主题主旨
【解析】 本文的主题思想是什么?
文章开篇即指出男女寿命的差距由来已久，且越来越大。以下各段接着从不同角度探讨男女寿命差距的原因，但均没有得出明确科学的解释。由此可推断，A项“女性比男性长寿的原因仍是一个谜”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“因为女性比男性更健康，所以女性寿命长”不正确，第四段提到女性更容易得病，不过寿命倒是很长。C项“工业化使得人们的寿命更长”文中有提及，但文章总体是说男女两性的寿命差距，而不是人们的寿命普遍延长这一点。D项“生活中的困难对女性的情绪影响小”不正确，文中有提及生活中的挫折对男性的情绪影响较大，并会减少其寿命，但这只是对男女寿命差距原因探讨的一个方面，并不能概括全篇。
【参考译文】
人类比以往更长寿了，但由于某种原因，女性寿命高于男性。2003年美国出生的男婴可以活到73岁，女婴可以活到79岁。两性寿命确实差距很大，没有人能说清其中缘由。但几个世纪以来都是这样，比如17世纪时就是如此。但之后差距就缩小了，现在差距正扩大。
人们在解释两性寿命差距时，提出了许多原因。工业社会的差距最大，因此有人认为女性工作中没有男性抗压能力强，这些工作压力会增加心脏病和酗酒风险。社会学家告诉我们，人们总是劝说女性不要像男性那样冒风险(这或许就解释了女性为何开车时更小心，较少发生交通事故)。
甚至吸烟也是男女寿命差距大的原因。有人认为上班族女性吸烟的可能性更大，更多女性进入职场，男女寿命差距会缩小，因为吸烟与英年早逝有联系。但我们目前看到吸烟的女人多了，虽然肺癌发病率急剧上升但寿命仍旧有超过男性。
令人疑惑的是女性看起来并没有男性健康。也就是说，女性比男性更容易得病，但男性得病的严重程度要高于女性。
一些研究者认为，男性可能会先于女性死亡，因为情绪对健康的影响更强烈。例如，鳏夫比寡妇的寿命要短。男性甚至似乎更容易受到失业的打击。(丧偶和失业的男士都出现免疫系统功能显著下降的现象。)退休男性的死亡速度快的惊人，令人担忧。
或许我们找出的答案过于表面化。或许答案在于更深刻的生物遗传因素。毕竟，这种现象与人类有着千丝万缕的联系。雌性在哺乳动物中存在一定优势，因为她们的寿命通常更长。而且，对于许多物种而言，雌性的优势从受精之时起就显现出来了：流产的雄性多于雌性。对人类而言，出生后男婴夭折的情况比女婴要多。
Passage Three
【文章介绍】
这是一篇科普类的说明文，本文主要围绕如何通过利用智能传感和网络技术来节约能源。 作者首先介绍了很多人意识到大量能源的浪费，但没有人抓住每一次机会去节约。接着指出人们可以通过智能传感和网络技术来自动保护能源，然后作者介绍了这种技术的利与弊，最后指出无线传感器网络将对我们的生活产生巨大影响，可以帮助我们建立一个更加智能化的世界，能使人们拥有一个更好的生活环境。
43. 【答案】C
【考点】词组含义
【解析】 第二段中出现的“人为干预”在文中指的是什么?
根据文章第二段内容，该段首句提到“幸运的是，节约能源不必依靠人为干预了”。也就是说，人为干预节能并不是唯一的方法，很有可能被更好更先进的技术取代。后面紧接着写到“在智能遥感技术和网络技术的帮助下，节能方式如关闭电灯和调控温度很容易实现自动化。”显然，这里列举的两个事例包括“关闭电灯”这一方式。因此C项“诸如屋中无人时关闭电灯之类的行为”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“减少周围环境中的巨大能量浪费”不正确，根据文章内容，“人为干预”指的是人们为了节约能源而采取的具体实际行动，而不是总体而指;B项“抓住力所能及的机会”不正确，“认为干预”作为人们为节约能源而采取的实际行动，有些可能比较容易做到，一些可能比较困难。D项“利用智能遥感技术和网络技术”不正确，这些技术正是为了减少“人为干涉”，实现自动化。
44. 【答案】A
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 为什么电池不是理想的传感器网络能源来源?
根据题干的关键词“batteries”可以定位到第三段，该段中第三句说靠电池供电的无线网络能使安装变得简单，降低成本。但由于这种无线网络能量消耗更高，相应地需要定期更换电池，因此维护起来有难处，成本高。因此，A项“必须经常更换”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“包含污染环境的金属”和C项“需要自动充电”文中未提及。D项“维护起来既费力又费钱”不正确，文中说维护起来有难处、成本高的是传感器网络而不是电池。
45. 【答案】A
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 使无电池式无线传感器网络能在实际中得以实现的原因是什么?
根据题干的内容可定位到第四段。文中第四段前两句说，要想真正采用无线传感器网络，必须清除掉用于数据通信及供电的整个连线系统，制定一个真正的无电池式无线网络解决方案，直接利用从环境中获取的能源。由此可知A项“环境中有可利用的能源”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“使用成本大幅度降低”不正确，文中只说不使用电池，并没有说使用成本大幅降低;C项“现代数据通信几乎不消耗资源”不正确，消耗能量少不是问题的关键，关键是不使用电池而代之以环境中的能量来源;D项“无电池式无线传感器网络的维修保养大幅度简化”不正确，文中有说电池式的无线网络维护比较困难，因而可以推知无电池式的无线网络维护较为简单，但维护简单绝不是使无电池式无线网络得以实现的条件，真正的现实条件就是环境中存在可资利用的能源以代替电池，这才是问题的关键。
31. 【答案】B
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 根据文中内容，对绿峰能源科技公司的表述哪一项是正确的?
根据题干的Greenpeak可定位到第四段第三句：为了促进无线传感器网络的普遍推广，绿峰能源科技公司已经开发出一种超低功耗的通信技术，该技术能够利用环境中的能源，比如光、运动和震动。据此可知，B项“推动无线传感器网络的应用”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“率先安置无线传感器网络”和D项“从通信技术中获得巨大利益”文中未提及。C项“供应采集能源的电池”与文意相反，绿峰能源科技公司开发超低功耗通信技术的目的就是使传感器在没有电池的环境下也能可靠地运作。
32. 【答案】C
【考点】段落大意
【解析】 第四段的段落大意是什么?
第四段首先提出要使无线传感器成为现实就需要一个无电池式无线网络解决方案，利用环境中的能源。接下来又提到绿峰能源科技公司开发新通信技术，使用机载电源管理电路和电脑软件来监视能源采集器，使传感器在没有电池的环境下也能可靠地运作。据此可知，C项“清除传感器网络中的电池”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“更换采集器中的电池”不正确，根据文中内容可知，采集器中根本没有电池;B项“监视从环境中采集来的能源”不正确，文中虽有提及，但这并不是本段的重点，而只是新技术所包含的一项内容;D项“传感器网络对能源供应的影响”不正确，文中说的是能源供应对传感器网络的影响，而不是相反。
48. 【答案】D
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 无线传感器网络具有什么作用?
根据题干的内容可定位到第五段：设置在办公室和家中的无线传感器网络会对我们的日常生活产生重大的影响，可以帮助我们建立一个更加智能、更见紧密、更加安全美好的世界。因此D项“改善全世界人们的日常生活”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“为生意带来高效益”、B项“进一步发展传感技术”和C项“变运动为能源的主要来源”均不正确，因为该段的核心思想是无线网络对人们生活的影响，而不是生意、技术或能源方面。
【参考译文】
许多人都知道环境中能源浪费现象严重，却抓不住眼前唾手可得的节能机会。比如谁都知道办公室没人时要关灯。同样地，员工不使用会议室时就没必要用空调来调控室温。
幸运的是，我们无需人为干预就可以实现节能的目的。在智能感应和网络技术的帮助下，像关灯和调控室温的这些节能事项可以轻而易举地实现自动化调控。这项技术最终会帮助消费者和工厂管理者更好地识别出能源浪费现象，建立使住宅、建筑和工厂更加智能化、高效化的程序。
直到目前为止，用来供电和连接的电线和电缆限制了传感器网络的广泛使用，因为安装和维修电线和电缆不仅难度大而且造价高。靠电池供电的无线网络可以简化安装，降低费用。但耗电大和定期更换电池的问题使无线网络维修难度大、费用高。谁一想到要把几十万枚室内窗感电池定期替换一遍都会头大。
只有取消用于数据通讯和电力供给的配线才能真正实现无线感应网络。这需要一个不依赖电池的无线解决方案，也就是直接从环境中汲取能源。为加快无线传感器网络的普及，绿峰研究出一项超低功耗、靠光、位移和震动等供电的通讯技术。这项技术使用电路板电力管理线路和计算机软件监控能源采集者，最大化使用采集来的能源，这样感应器就可以在不依赖电池的环境中有效地发挥功能。
办公室和家中使用的无线感应网络会对日常生活的影响巨大，有助于建立一个能源循环利用的智能化世界。这些无线平台感应力超强，会帮助我们管理好生活、家庭和环境，创建出一个真正连通的世界使世界各地人们都可以生活在一个更加舒适、安全和整洁的环境中。
Passage Four
【文章介绍】
这是一篇议论文，本文主要介绍了路怒症和攻击性驾驶的现象、后果、原因及应对措施。文章首先指出了路怒症受到媒体的广泛关注，每个开车人都可能遇到这种情况，接着介绍了路怒症所带来的后果，然后详细解释了攻击性驾驶现象出现的原因，最后指出了路怒症的表现和应对方法。
49. 【答案】B
【考点】句意推断
【解析】 第一段第一句话的深层含义?
文中第一段第一句：如果你在过去的几个月中没有听到过或看到过路怒症，就说明你大概一直不关注媒体报道。也就是说，只要你关注一下媒体，就会看到关于路怒症的报道。据此可知，B项“在过去的几个月中，媒体一直大量报道路怒症”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“不关注媒体的人就不知道近期发生什么事情”不正确，这种理解过于肤浅，作者说这句话的真正意思就是近期媒体大量报道路怒症。C项“人有可能被媒体报道激怒，所以想回避媒体”与文意不符合，文章讲述的是道路驾驶过程中发生的路怒症而非别的什么愤怒。D项“媒体仅仅是几个月之前造出‘路怒症’一词”文中未提及。
50. 【答案】B
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 根据文中国家公路交通安全协会的说法，四个选项中哪个是正确的?根据题干的National Highway Transportation Safety Association直接定位到第二段，该段中说在死于交通事故的41907人中，有三分之二至少在某种程度上将死于攻击性驾驶行为。三分之二的比例肯定要超过任何其它事故因素，包括酒后驾驶。因此B项“死于攻击性驾驶的人数大于醉酒驾驶”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“醉酒驾驶仍是公路第一杀手”不正确，根据文中数字来看公路第一杀手应是攻击性驾驶;C项“三分之二的司机死于攻击性驾驶”与文意不符，三分之二 指的是41907名交通事故遇难者中死于攻击性驾驶的人数而非司机;D项“有41907人成为了攻击性驾驶的受害者”不正确，文中说在这41907人中，有三分之二至少在某种程度上讲死于攻击性驾驶行为而非全部都是攻击性驾驶的受害者。
51. 【答案】D
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 以下选项中哪一项不是引起攻击性驾驶的因素?
根据题干内容可定位到第三段，该段中说有的人认为攻击性驾驶完全是由车辆过度拥挤造成的。过去的十年内，公路上汽车数量的增幅超过11%，汽车行驶里程却增长了35%。但是，新建的公路里程仅增长了1%。另外，人们在要在更少的时间里做更多的事。这样一来，人们感到前所未有的压力。压力使人焦虑，焦虑使人脾气暴躁。将文中内容与四个选项一一对照，可以得出D项“交通高峰时间”没有提到，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“汽车数量增加”有提及，文中说汽车数量的增幅超过11%;B项“司机的压力和焦虑”有提及，文中说人们在要在更少的时间里做更多的事，容易感到压力和焦虑，导致路怒症的发生;C项“道路过于拥堵”有提及，文中第三段第三句提到有一种推论认为攻击性驾驶完全是由道路过度拥堵造成的。三个选项在文中都有提及，因此都不可选。
52. 【答案】B
【考点】词语含义
【解析】 第三段中“spell”一词的意思?
根据第三段最后一句：These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage. 该句说各种因素“这些因素在某种情况下综合到一起，就会spell路怒症的发生。”。根据上下文的语境，以及“spell”的本意“招致，带来(不好的结果)”可知，B项“引起，导致”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“演讲，讲话”,C项“描述，叙述”和D项“节省，抽出时间”均不符合原文。
53. 【答案】C
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 攻击性驾驶的特征是什么?
根据题干的内容可以定位到第四段。该段以提问的方式向读者介绍了攻击性驾驶的特征，包括对着开车慢的司机大喊大叫，冲着另外一辆车不断长按喇叭，加速阻挡后面的车超过。据此可知，C项“对着其他司机大喊大叫”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“开车时讲话”文中未提及。B项“开快车”不正确，文中是说当后面的车辆要超车时就加快速度为路怒症;D项“超车时按喇叭”不正确，文中是说不管什么原因就冲着另外一辆车不断长按喇叭为路怒症。
54. 【答案】A
【考点】写作目的
【解析】 最后一段的主旨是什么?
文中最后一段告诉读者如何采取措施避免冲突的发生，如以一种健康的方式发泄情绪，与被惹怒的司机避免目光接触和给他们让道。据此可知，A项“告诉人们如何处理路怒症”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“告诉人们司机是如何地具有攻击性”不是段落主旨，该段说的是如何回避路怒症。C项“告诉人们怎样在生气时控制自己”不正确，在最后一段提到的是当自己受路怒症影响生其他司机的气时应以一种健康的方式发泄情绪，该选项的表述过于笼统，且对段落的概括也不全面。D项“提醒人们不要与其他司机进行目光接触”不正确，文中说的是不要与要对你动怒的司机进行目光接触，而且这只是回避路怒症的一种方法，而不是段落主旨。
【参考译文】
如果近几个月没有听过或见过路面暴力这类事，你有可能一直没接触媒体。有关这种新奇、耸人听闻的现象，媒体里报道过无数次了，认为这是一种攻击性的驾驶行为。如果开车的话，遇见这种事的机会就更多了。
酒驾一直是个危险问题，但是攻击性驾驶的事实一样令人烦恼。例如，国家高速交通安全协会对外公布过，去年高速公路的死亡人数达到41907人，并估计其中2/3死者的死因与马路暴力有关。
为什么这种现象前几年很少听说，现在却愈演愈烈呢?专家有几种推测，但都不是完全说得通。其中一种说法是道路过于拥挤造成的。过去十年，车流量增长幅度超过了11%，行驶里程数增加了35%。但新建公路英里数只增加了1%。这就是说同样大小空间内的车多了。这个问题在城市表现更加明显。而且人们的时间越来越少，要做的事却越来越多。人们总想一天中多处理些琐事、多干点儿事，精神压力前所未有的大。压力引发焦虑，脾气也变得易怒。这些因素一旦在特定情境下同时出现，就会引发路怒症。
你或许认为自己才不会遇见攻击性驾驶这种事，那你可能就想错了。举个例子，你有没有向开车慢的驾驶员大喊大叫过?有没有冲别的车使劲鸣长笛?或是加速不让别的驾驶员超车?如果发现自己确实经历过这些情况，那就要注意啦!
无论是你对别的驾驶员发火还是别人想找你茬儿，你可以做些事来避免冲突。如果你容易受到路怒症的影响，那就得以健康的方式发泄情绪。如果有人对你发火，你应该尽量安全地躲开对方，包括避免眼神接触，主动让道。
Passage Five
【文章介绍】
这是一篇科普类的议论文，文章主要介绍了“聪明的汉斯”效应和加利福尼亚大学生丽萨·利特博士据此所做的一些科学实验情况，从而说明这项研究的重要意义。
55. 【答案】D
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 心理学家在聪明的汉斯身上发现了什么?
根据第一段可知，心理学家发现汉斯尽管的确聪明，但他的聪明和人们所预想的并不一样，汉斯能领会驯马师和观众不经意间所发出的细微身体动作和面部表情，据此可知，汉斯能对人发出的信号做出反应，因此D项“他仅能对人发出的信号做出反应”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“他如人们所声称的那样聪明”，与原文相反;B项“他真的擅长数数”，文章只提及他会一些算术，没有说明是擅长;C项“他能理解人类的语言”文章未提及。
56. 【答案】C
【考点】引申判断
【解析】 莉莎·利特博士及其同事对“聪明的汉斯”效应的态度是怎样?
根据第一段最后两句可知，莉莎·利特及其同事根据此现象提出了假设：专业训犬师的信念是否能同样影响搜寻犬搜查毒品和爆炸物的结果，而且通过实验证明，确实会有影响。因此C项“证实了‘聪明的汉斯’效应”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“质疑了‘聪明的汉斯’效应”，B项“发现了‘聪明的汉斯’效应”和D项“否认了‘聪明的汉斯’效应”均与文意不符。
57. 【答案】C
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 训犬员在实验之前得到了什么信息?
根据题干第二段第二句：搜查开始之前，研究人员告诉训犬员，一些搜查区域可能有多达三处要寻找的气味，而且在两种情况下这些气味会用几张红纸标出。据此可知C项“一些目标气味可能会有特殊标识”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“每个搜查区域有三处目标气味”不正确，文中提到的是一些搜查区域可能有多达三处目标气味，但不是每个搜查区域都是如此。B项“事实上搜查区域中没有目标气味”不正确，该事实在实验前并没有向训犬员透漏。D项“期望搜寻犬能找到红纸的气味”与问题和文意都不符合。
58. 【答案】A
【考点】结论判断
【解析】 在利特博士看来，该实验最重要的因素是什么?
根据题干可以定位到第三段最后一句：尽管这种错误警报的次数令利特博士震惊，不过发出警报的地点是她最为关心的。据此可知，A项“错误警报的地点”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“错误警报的规律性”和D项“错误警报的计时”文中未提及;C项“错误警报次数”与文意不符合。
59. 【答案】B
【考点】概括结论
【解析】 从实验中可以得到什么结论?
根据题干的内容可以定位到第四段，本段中说训犬员不仅几乎每次都被为他们设计的刺激源分心，而且也将这种分散注意力的信号传输给了他们的受训犬——受训犬们做出相应的反应。据此可知，B项“受训犬会对训犬员的身体信号做出相应的反应”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“训犬员比受训犬更容易被分散注意力”不正确，文中说训犬员被分散注意力后又把这种信号传给了受训犬，但两者之间没有比较。C项“受训犬和训犬员之间的合作是成功的关键”和D项“受到良好训练的受训犬能更好地理解训犬员的信号”在文中都未提及。
60. 【答案】A
【考点】作者观点
【解析】 作者对利特博士的实验结果的看法是怎样?
根据题干可以定位到第五段：研究结果在现实生活中有多重要还不清楚。但它也许有用。例如，如果训犬员无意地认定机场的缉毒犬或防爆犬闻过的旅客为嫌疑人时，那么误报率就会很高。这不仅对无辜的旅客不公，也可能阻碍小分队抓住真正的罪犯。据此可知，A项“应该在现实生活中引起我们的关注”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“在现实情景中可能没用”不正确，文中说研究结果在现实生活中有多重要还不清楚，但它也许有用。C项“应该有进一步的证据来支持”和D项“将会很快会得到广泛应用”文中未提及。
【参考译文】
20世纪初期，一匹叫“聪明汉斯”的马据说可以完成计数等令人深刻的脑力活动。心理学家观看数年出色表演后，发现汉斯确实聪明，但没有人们想象的那样聪明。这匹马非常聪明，训练师发出的不明显，无意识的身体和表情信号，它都可以看懂，甚至可以领会观众发出的信号。加州大学的丽萨利特和同事听说“聪明汉斯”的事后，想弄清楚职业训犬师的信念是否同样会影响到毒品和爆炸物的搜索结果。利特博士发现，很明显确实如此。
利特博士让18位训犬师带领各自的狗完成简短的搜索工作。开始之前告知训犬师某些搜索领域最多有3处目标气味，其中两处有红纸做标记。但没有告诉训犬师这些地方并不存在毒品和爆炸物的气味。这就是说，任何发现任何毒品和爆炸物的举报都是错误的。
结果显示，总共进行了144次搜索，其中只有21次搜索没有发现可疑目标。其他搜索都发出一次或更多的的警告。一共发出225处警告。出现如此多错误举报着实让利特博士惊讶不已，不过最让人好奇的是大家举报的可疑位置。
训犬师将红纸视为可疑地点后，更有可能报告自己的狗发出了警报。训犬师每次都被针对他们的刺激物干扰，而且还会将这种有误的认识传递给狗，狗就相应地做出反应。打比方说，狗见到训犬师某个下意识的动作就当成了信号，发出狼来了的警告。
这在现实生活中的重要性有多大还说不清。但它是会有意义的。例如如果训犬师下意识地认为缉毒犬或防暴犬感兴趣的人会有问题的话，误判的现象就会多起来。这不仅让无辜的旅行者不爽，还会误导工作组抓捕犯罪分子。
Part IV Cloze
【文章介绍】
本文主要围绕动物园的改变而展开的。首先介绍了动物园是保护野生动物的重要场所，接着阐述了老动物园的更新改建，然后指出了一些动物园为防以免濒危物种灭绝的而实施的圈养繁殖计划，最后指出动物园的变化促进了公共教育，以及在保护野生动物方面将继续扮演重要角色。
61. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和副词词义辨析。
【解析】根据主句中的wildlife resources和所填词后的those species可以推知，前者包括后者，所以所填词应含有缩小的范围的词义。因此B项especially：尤其，专门地，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项superficially：表面地，肤浅地，C项importantly：重要地，和D项supposedly：据说，所谓地，都与文意不符合。
62. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和短语辨析。
【解析】所填处以逗号与主句隔开，因而这里需填一个状语成分修饰整个句子。根据后一句的时态是过去式而句中没有表示过去的时间状语，所以这里需要填一个表示过去的时间状语。因此C项at one time ：曾一度，过去某一时期，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项by that time和B项by the time都是一般用于完成时态的时态状语，意为：到那时。D项at that time：在那时，指的是已经提到过的事物，但在前句并没有提及，因此不正确。
63. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】根据空格前面的：scientific，和：educational，说明所填词义当和科学、教育有关。再根据动物园本身的性质可以推知A项institution：机构，为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项association：协会，联合，C项foundation：建立，基础，基金会，和D项corporation：公司，都与文意不符合。
64.【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和介词词义辨析。
【解析】根据该句后半部分的宾语列举了目前动物园面临的三个挑战，由此可知主语起到总起的作用，因此C项among：在……之中，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项along：顺着，沿着，B项forward：向前，和D项through：穿过，都与文意不符合。
65. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和形容词词义辨析。
【解析】根据空格前：struggle to obtain，和空格后的：operating funds，可知，动物园要争取的一定是能使自己正常运作的资金。据此可知C项sufficient：足够的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项limited：有限的，B项professional：职业的，专业的，和D项excessive：过度的，极度的，都与文意不符合。
66. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和形容词词义辨析。
【解析】根据该句的时态，所填词应符合过去的语境。再根据下一句的：Among the recent trends.....，介绍的是最近的趋势，以及句中关键词：renovation(翻新)，可推知B项older：比……老的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项newer：比…新的，C项former：以前的，和D项later：后来，都与文意不符合。
67. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】本句的前一句讲述很多美国动物园都经历了翻新重建，本句接着介绍动物园新建设的具体做法，据此可以推知B项improvement：改进，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项management：经营，管理，C项achievement：成就，完成，和D项assessment：评估，看法，都与文意不符合。
68. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和介词词义辨析。
【解析】根据句意：用设计适宜的环境取代了传统的钢筋条和混凝土地面，而：The replacement of A with B，为固定搭配，意为用B取代A。由此推断，D项with为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项under，B项for，和C项into，与replacement均无此搭配。其中a replacement for something意为：是……的替代品，与逻辑语义不符。
69. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】根据本句的宾语是：stress on animals，，以及后半句表达的是让它们之间更自然地沟通交流，由此推知，A项reduce：减少，为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项cause导致，C项increase增加，和D项avoid：避免，都与文意不符合。
70. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义理解。
【解析】文中讲的是圈养繁殖方案，其目的是为了拯救濒危动物，通常进行圈养繁殖的动物是需要经过挑选。据此可以推知A项selected：挑选出来的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项sustained：持久的，C项promising：有希望的，和D项surviving：幸存的，都与文意不符合。
71. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】空格所在位置可知此处应填写名词，而根据文意，圈养繁殖的动物最终是要回归自然的。D项the wild意为：荒野，户外，(定冠词加形容词表示一类事物，具有名词的性质)，故选D。
【误项排除】A项natural 做形容词意为：自然的，天生的，做名词时意为：自然的事情。C项wild做名词时意为：荒野，做形容词时意为：野生的，未开化的，狂暴的。因此A、B、C选项都不正确。
72. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】根据前文提到的圈养繁殖作用可知，它可以拯救濒危动物，而所填词后：some species from extinction，因此B项save：拯救，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项restrain：抑制，约束，C项shelter：保护，掩蔽，和D项exempt：豁免，与逻辑语义不符。
73. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词短语辨析。
【解析】根据句意，教育部开发与动物园展品……的活动,可以推知，D项related to：和…有联系的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项attributed to：归因于，B项opposed to：反对，和C项referred to：提到，参考，都与文意不符合。
74. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义。
【解析】此处所填词前后的有两个动词：monitor 和move, 根据句意：动物学家监测象群在该国整个区域移动的过程，而这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择A项as(引导时间状语从句，强调在同一时间)。
【误项排除】B项as if：似乎，好像，与原文语义不符合。C项so和D项so that连接的两个动作通常表目的或因果关系，因此都与文意不符合。
75. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和短语辨析。
【解析】根据前文提到的动物园对环境保护做出的贡献可以得知，C项in support of：支持，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项in search of：寻找，搜寻，B项in honor of：为庆祝…，为纪念…，和D项in charge of：负责，主管，都与文意不符合。
【参考译文】
动物园已经成为野生动物资源，特别是濒临灭绝物种维护和保护的重要场所。在过去，许多动物园展示动物供公众娱乐。现在，一些动物园已经成为科教机构，为宣传和保护野生动物发挥了一定作用。动物园目前正面临挑战，老设施翻新费用高，营运资金短缺募集难，新娱乐性表演需要加强宣传力度。
美国城市的很多老式动物园20世纪的末的几十年都翻新过了。建设类自然栖息地的新型场地成为动物园改造的主要潮流之一。拆除传统的钢制栏杆和混凝土地面，改为设计合理的场地，游客可以更好地观赏动物。经过翻新，动物承受的压力减少了，之间的交流也更自然了。
有几个大型动物园实施圈养繁殖规划，包括对园内或野生动物精挑细选，繁殖成功后放生大自然或转给其他动物园。圈养繁殖是防止物种灭绝的一种办法。
此外，动物园加大和改善了公众教育规划，设立了规划展出项目的教育部门。公众活动包括在校学习、动物园游览、特殊节目和网站交流。例如纽约动物协会就与西非政府合作开展一个大型项目，检测某个象群在活动范围内的一举一动。
自然栖息地缩减后，动物园的重要性与日俱增。通过保护野生动物、对大众进行教育宣传以及提倡环境保护，动物园将在全球范围内继续发挥野生动物维护方面的决定性作用。
Paper Two 试卷二
Part I Translation
【参考译文】
Section A
这些年来，我们总认为核技术和确保核安全相关的专门知识已经达到很高的水准了，发生重型核事故的可能性几乎不存在;即便发生，核工程师也能有效控制。但事实再次证明，处理核能再谨慎也不为过。我们尚不清楚日本核危机的具体影响，但是可以确定的是，必须要重新审视核能的应用，为确保未来核安全做出更多的努力。
Section B
With 5000-year cultural tradition, China undergoes many disasters but still remains vigorous. We should fully promote the custom, learn and draw lessons from advanced civilization of the world. Only in this way can Chinese culture get further development. In other word, as I usually say, only through opening-up and inclusiveness can our homeland become strong.
Part II Writing
参考范文
How to Handle the Stress
Nowadays more and more people have been under various stresses and there has been an increase in stress-related diseases among employees and students. This phenomenon has aroused immediate concern and widespread discussion among the general public. From my perspective, the resources of stresses can be from our work, family and also from the society, and learning how to deal with stresses has far-reaching significance to our body health.
As a matter of fact, some effective solutions to reduce stresses can be illustrated below. The first step involves doing something particular to one's interest, such as listening to one’s favorite music or having favorite food. These would distract one's attention from stressing issues and lighten up his spirit to come up with better solutions. The second one is to share our stress with others. It can be enormously helpful because we may feel quite relaxed after talking to others and things even turn better if we get any valuable suggestions from them. Thirdly, one can also relax himself by having a hot bath, taking a massage, having a goodnight sleep or going on a lovely cruise. These activities can take the real world off one’s mind and physically loosen up his body. Additionally, it is also a great way to reduce anxiety to do a large number of physical activities.
From what has been discussed above, I strongly believe that we should know how to reduce enormous stress because it poses a general threat to human body health. As a common employee, I often feel immense stress at work. In those cases, I always try to talk with my close friends to hear their advice or just listen to my favorite music. Only by having both mental and physical health can we hope to do our job well in the future.
