一、 选择(略)

　　二、名词解释

　　1、提供曲线

　　2、等产量曲线

　　3、流动偏好陷阱

　　4、国家预算法

　　三、简答题

　　1、三元悖论

　　2、利息评价理论

　　3、中国货币供应内伸性

　　4、税收转嫁的条件

　　四、论述题与计算题

　　1、产权明晰的理由、含义、对社会主义市场理论的经济影响?

　　2、ISLM曲线(计算题)，总需求、效应、政府的投资增加对私人投资的效应?

　　2015年同等学力申硕考试英语真题及答案(卷一)

　　英语试卷一

　　Paper One (100minutes)

　　Part I Oral Communication (15 minutes，10 points)

　　Section A

　　Directions：In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A，B and C，taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Dialogue One

　　A. Do you know what a handicapped space is?

　　B. The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.

　　C. Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.

　　Student: Can you tell me where I can park?

　　Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?

　　Student: I drive an automobile.

　　Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.

　　Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have a special permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?

　　Student: I park in the evenings.

　　Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?

　　Student: Yes, I have seen those signs.

　　Clerk: 3 .

　　参考答案：ACB

　　Dialogue Two

　　A. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.

　　B. May I have your driver’s license, please?

　　C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?

　　Student: Excuse me. I am interested in getting a library card.

　　Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.

　　Student: Thank you. I’ll do it right now.

　　Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4

　　Student: Here it is.

　　Librarian: You seem to have filled the form out all right.__5__

　　Student: Yes. I know what to do.

　　Librarian: ____6____

　　Student: OK. I see.

　　Librarian: Thank you for joining the library; We look forward to serving you.

　　参考答案BCA

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　A. And fooled the boys for a while.

　　B. And I don’t think the boys have minded.

　　C. Well, it’s because my British publisher.

　　D. All this time I thought you were ‘J.K’.

　　Winfrey: So, this is the first time we’ve met.

　　Rowling: Yes,it is .

　　Winfrey: And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____

　　Rowling: (laughing) Yeah.

　　Winfrey: J.K is …

　　Rowling: ____8_____. When the first book came out, they thought ‘this is a book that will appeal to boys ’, but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman had written it. So they said to me ‘could we use your initials ’and I said ‘fine’. I only have one initial. I don’t have a middle name. So I took my favorite grandmother’s name, Kathleen.

　　Winfrey: ____9_____

　　Rowling: Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.

　　Winfrey: ___10____

　　Rowling: NO —it hasn’t held me back, has it?

　　参考答案：DCAB

　　Part II Vocabulary(10 points)

　　Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　11. There are several different options for getting Internet access.

　　A. choices B. definitions C. channels D. reasons

　　12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.

　　A. minerals B. substances C. gases D. beams

　　13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.

　　A. unfriendly B. optimistic C. impatient D. positive

　　14. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.

　　A. revise B. implement C. review D. improve

　　15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.

　　A. arrested B. stopped C. scattered D. watched

　　16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.

　　A. take out B. turn over C. track down D. put in

　　17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.

　　A. improved B. returned C. worsened D. changed

　　18. I couldn’t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.

　　A. also B. nonetheless C. furthermore D. otherwise

　　19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.

　　A. within B. besides C. outside D. except

　　20. I prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.

　　A. intentionally B. unexpectedly C. anxiously D. hurriedly

　　参考答案：11-15 A D A B C 16-20 D C A C B

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (25 points)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Passage One

　　Sometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.

　　Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist(慈善家)from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained, the better I got,” Curran said,” but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.”

　　Eventually , they worked up to running marathons(马拉松)(and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate- milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.

　　They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,” which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.

　　“In the beginning, running was enough,” said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous .Hence, the search for new adventures began.”

　　“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,”said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.

　　It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon fours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.

　　21. At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .

　　A. meet requirements of his job

　　B. win a running race

　　C. join in a philanthropic activity

　　D. get away from his sadness

　　22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .

　　A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents

　　B. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activity

　　C. running racers satisfied with their own performance

　　D. old people who live an active life after retirement

　　23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .

　　A. challenging runcations

　　B. professional races

　　C. Antarctica travel market

　　D. expensive tours

　　24. The classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .

　　A. it does not provide enough challenge

　　B. it may be tough and dangerous

　　C. it involves too fierce a competition

　　D. it has attracted too many people

　　25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that

　　A. international cooperation is a must to such an event

　　B. runcations are expensive and physically challenging

　　C. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industry

　　D. adventurous running has become increasingly popular

　　Passage Two

　　Before the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.” It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.

　　This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.

　　In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like hese. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.

　　In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.

　　At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting ageat eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different.

　　Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.

　　26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because

　　A. they could take the place of the students’parents

　　B. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their children

　　C. this was a tradition established by British colleges

　　D. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults

　　27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?

　　A. Berea College. B. Gott.

　　C. It was a win-win case. D. The students.

　　28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “ ”.

　　A. extreme behaviors B. violation of laws

　　C. strong disagreement D. Wrong doings

　　29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State College

　　A. had no right to expel the students

　　B. was justified to have expelled the students

　　C. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily life

　　D. should support civil rights demonstrations

　　30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents_____

　　A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administrators

　　B. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and study

　　C. care less about their children’s education than before

　　D. have different opinions on their children’s education

　　Passage Three

　　We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.

　　Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.

　　The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic ompartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and he others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.

　　The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down heir survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.

　　It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.

　　31. What does the author try to emphasize Paragraph 1?

　　A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.

　　B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.

　　C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.

　　D. Plants can communicate with each other.

　　32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______

　　A. how plats receive and handle the signals from their neighbors

　　B. why plants spread chemical information to their neighbor

　　C. how many types of plants release compounds into the air

　　D. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors

　　33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______

　　A. placed separately but connected through air

　　B. expose to different kinds of pests

　　C. exposed to the pest at the same time

　　D. placed together in a closed compartment

　　34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by

　　______

　　A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pest

　　B. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn them

　　C. letting them know how to produce Hex Vic

　　D. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest

　　35.What may be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Survival of Plants B. Plant World

　　C. Talking Plants D. Plant Bug Killer

　　Passage Four

　　Vancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month .The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that arc already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.

　　A proposal by Vancouver’s mayorseeks to prevent the worsening conditions.

　　Upgrades would be madeto 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more “sea bus” ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland.

　　The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain,the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C$7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year trafficupgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want

　　to go to.”He says.

　　36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .

　　A. increasing congestion

　　B. climate change

　　C. shortage of land

　　D. lack of money

　　37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by

　　residents because .

　　A. they do not want more people to move in

　　B. they are reluctant to move to new places

　　C. upgrades would take away their living space

　　D. upgrades would add to their financial burdens

　　38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .

　　A. the east

　　B. the west

　　C. the south

　　D. the north

　　39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .

　　A. world famous transport companies

　　B. local residents’complaints about the bureaucrats

　　C. local effort to improve public transport

　　D. worsening traffic congestion

　　40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .

　　A. will solve the traffic problem

　　B. will benefit local economy

　　C. satisfies the transport company

　　D. deserves public support

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry again-and this time it could be for good.

　　The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing- it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United

　　States.

　　Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers. The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.

　　The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.”said Howard Telford, an industry analyst.“There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”

　　Comment 1

　　Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether. I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore.

　　Comment 2

　　Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of

　　soft drinks.

　　Comment 3

　　I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.

　　Comment4

　　This is a silly and shallow piece。The reason for the fall off is simply the explosion in consumption of bottled waters and energy drinks.

　　Comment5

　　As people learn more about health and wellness they will consume less sugar,less soda,less artificial sweeteners.

　　41.What do we know about diet soda sale?

　　A.It began to undergo a gradual drop starting from 2000.

　　B.It was on the decline since the 1990s but is on the rise now.

　　C.It reached its peak in the 2000s but began to drop since then.

　　D.It has been decreasing since the 1990s.

　　42.What does the author think of the prospects of diet soda sale?

　　A.It will continue to drop.

　　B.It will get better soon.

　　C.It is hard to say for sure.

　　D.It may have ups and downs.

　　43.Which comment gives a personal reason for quitting diet colas?

　　A.Comment5. B.Comment4.

　　C.Comment3. D.Comment1.

　　44.Which comment supports the author’s point of view?

　　A. Comment2. B. Comment3.

　　C. Comment4. D. Comment5.

　　45.Which comments disagree with the author on the author on the cause of soda sale slowdown?

　　A. Comment3 and Comment5. B. Comment2 and Comment4.

　　C. Comment1 and Comment4. D. Comment2 and Comment3.

　　Part IV Cloze (10 points)

　　Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said: “My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news. She has 46 about what she has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.” Another interviewee said: “ My six-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified.

　　She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news reports can frighten children? In one survey, nearly 40 percent of parents said that their children had been 49 by something they saw in the news and that, 50 , the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often

　　51 the news differently from adults. For example, small children may believe that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .” But repeated exposure to disturbing news reports can cause children to develop lasting fears. “Children who watch a lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is,” observes the Kaiser Family Foundation.

　　46.A. thoughts B. nightmares C. ideas D. pictures

　　47. A. afterward B. ago C. before D. later

　　48. A. should B. might C. could D. would

　　49. A. bored B. angered C. upset D. disappointed

　　50. A. in no time B. by all means C. all the more D. as a result

　　51. A. tell B. interpret C. narrate D. treat

　　52. A. tragedy B. comedy C. play D. drama

　　53. A. imagination B. view C. sight D. look

　　54. A. give up B. stick to C. deal with D. set down

　　55. A. prefer B. turn C. come D. tend

　　Part V Text Completion (20 points)

　　Directions: In this part there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Text One

　　A. angrier

　　B. getting

　　C. action

　　Phrases:

　　A. which makes you 56

　　B. like 57 any compensation

　　C. to take any 56

　　Picture this situation: you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain. You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem. They say they cannot help you, 59 to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant. This will do you no favours, 60 , or even your money back. If you go directly to the first person you see, you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless 61 .So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstly that you are speaking to the relevant person, the one who has the authority to make decisions.

　　参考答案：ABCABC

　　Text Two

　　A. the smaller

　　B. as much as

　　C. up to a year

　　D. more likely

　　Phrases:

　　A. 20% 62 to feel happy

　　B. 63 the physical distance between friends

　　C. but not 64 happiness

　　D. lasted for 65

　　The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And 66 , the larger the effect they had on each other's happiness. For example, a person was 67 if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%. The effects of friends' happiness 68 . The researcher found that happiness really is contagious (传染的).Sadness also spread among friends

　　参考答案：DABC BADC

　　Text Three

　　A. later regretted

　　B. spending

　　C. tend to

　　Phrases:

　　A. remember past impulse purchases that you 70

　　B. you may 71 purchase on impulse

　　C. keep 72 under control

　　In addition to the external pressure we face from marketing, our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending. Here are some suggestions to help you 73 . First, resist your impulse buying. Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a bargain? If so, 74 . To resist, slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying, owning, and maintaining what you are planning to buy. Stop and 75 . Give yourself a “cool down” period before making your final decision.

　　参考答案：ACBCBA

　　Paper Two(50minutes)

　　Part VI Translation (10 points)

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Should work be placed among the cases of happiness or be regarded as a burden? Much work is exceedingly tiresome, and an excess of work causes stress and even disease. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even boring work is less harmful than idleness. We sometimes feel a little relief from work; at other tomes work gives us delight. These feeling arise according to the type of work we are doing and our ability to do that work. Work fills many hours of the day and removes the need to decide what one should do.

　　Part VII Writing (15 points)

　　Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How

　　can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.

　　环境保护已成为我们的共同的责任。

　　你认为我们该怎样做才能降低能耗，节省资源，保护地球环境?

　　请举例说明。

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