英语中的关联词(conjunctions)和连接词(linking words)用于连接句子或句子成分，以增强文章的连贯性和逻辑性。以下是一些常见的关联词及其分类：

　　1. 并列连词(Coordinating Conjunctions)

　　这些词用于连接两个平等的句子成分，如单词、短语或独立分句。

　　and(和)：表示并列或补充

　　She likes apples and oranges.

　　but(但是)：表示转折或对比

　　He is smart but lazy.

　　or(或者)：表示选择

　　You can have tea or coffee.

　　nor(也不)：用于否定

　　She neither called nor wrote.

　　for(因为)：表示原因

　　He couldn’t come, for he was sick.

　　so(所以)：表示结果

　　She studied hard, so she passed the exam.

　　yet(然而)：表示转折或对比

　　It’s late, yet they are still working.

　　2. 从属连词(Subordinating Conjunctions)

　　这些词用于引导从句，表示从句与主句之间的关系，如原因、时间、条件等。

　　because(因为)：表示原因

　　She stayed home because she was sick.

　　although(尽管)：表示让步

　　Although it was raining, they went out.

　　if(如果)：表示条件

　　If it rains, we will stay inside.

　　when(当…时候)：表示时间

　　Call me when you arrive.

　　since(自从/因为)：表示时间或原因

　　She has been happy since she got the job.

　　unless(除非)：表示条件

　　You won’t succeed unless you work hard.

　　while(当…时候/虽然)：表示时间或对比

　　She was reading while he was cooking.

　　before(在…之前)：表示时间

　　Finish your homework before you go out.

　　after(在…之后)：表示时间

　　They left after the movie ended.

　　3. 连接副词(Conjunctive Adverbs)

　　这些词用于连接两个独立的句子，通常需要使用分号或句号。

　　however(然而)：表示转折

　　She is very smart; however, she can be careless.

　　therefore(因此)：表示结果

　　He was late; therefore, he missed the meeting.

　　moreover(此外)：表示补充

　　The book is interesting; moreover, it is educational.

　　nevertheless(尽管如此)：表示转折

　　The task was difficult; nevertheless, they completed it.

　　consequently(结果)：表示结果

　　It rained heavily; consequently, the match was canceled.

　　thus(因此)：表示结果

　　She did not study; thus, she failed the test.

　　meanwhile(与此同时)：表示时间

　　He was cooking; meanwhile, she was setting the table.

　　4. 常用连接词和短语(Linking Words and Phrases)

　　这些词和短语常用于连接句子和段落，使文章更加连贯。

　　in addition(此外)：表示补充

　　In addition to his job, he is also studying.

　　on the other hand(另一方面)：表示对比

　　He is strict; on the other hand, he is fair.

　　for example(例如)：表示举例

　　Many students enjoy sports; for example, soccer and basketball are very popular.

　　in conclusion(总结)：用于总结

　　In conclusion, we must all work together to solve this problem.

　　as a result(结果)：表示结果

　　He didn’t prepare well; as a result, he didn’t pass the exam.

　　in fact(事实上)：表示强调

　　She is very talented; in fact, she won several awards.

　　以上就是英语关联词有哪些的问题解答，这些关联词和连接词在写作和口语中都有广泛的应用，合理地使用它们可以使表达更加清晰、连贯和有逻辑。